This paper explores how forced resignations of politically connected independent directors (political IDs for short) affect the performance of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Using a Communist Party of China regulation that forbids political officials from sitting on boards as an exogenous shock, this paper finds that the forced resignations of political IDs are associated with a decrease in firms' CSR performance. We further find that such reductions are not attributable to decreases in capital and knowledge resources. However, the negative association between political IDs' forced resignations and CSR performance is more prominent for firms under more political pressure, such as when political IDs are high-ranking incumbents, when firms located in the province with a high level of government intervention, or in polluting industries, and when firms have no government shareholdings. Therefore, we conclude that the reduction in CSR performance is due to the release of political pressure after the resignations of political IDs. Our results are robust to alternative CSR measures, varied sample periods, and sample selection bias correcting. The results of placebo tests also confirm our findings. Our study shows that political pressure imposed by politicians on firms is an important determinant of CSR.

This paper explores the impact of political connections on zombie business in the presence of massive economic stimulus. Although a stimulus plan may substantially ease financial constraints for a politically connected firm, it distorts the firm’s decision regarding market exit. Exploiting China’s 2008 stimulus package as a semi natural experiment, we show that a firm with political connections is more likely to become a zombie following such stimulus measures. Further analysis indicates that the zombification impact of the stimulus plan is more pronounced for the firms operating in the key industries targeted by the stimulus package.