We show that the pattern of short-term negative serial covariances for stock returns over different return measurement intervals is consistent with the implications of inventory-based microstructure models. We develop different testable implications of these models and document supporting evidence. Our findings indicate that to a large extent the short-horizon return revearsals can be explained by dealer-inventory-related market microstructure effects. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: G14, G20.

This paper presents evidence on the long-run trends in U. S. regional specialization and localization and examines which model of regional specialization is most consistent with the data. Regional specialization in the United States rose substantially between 1860 and the turn of the twentieth century, flattened out during the interwar years, and then fell substantially and continuously since the 1930s. The analysis of the long-run trends in U. S. regional specialization and localization supports explanations based on production scale economies and the Heckscher-Ohlin model but is inconsistent with explanations based on external economies.

Linda S. McDaniel, William R. Kinney, Jr., Expectation-Formation Guidance in the Auditor's Review of Interim Financial Information, Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Spring, 1995), pp. 59-76

Prior studies document an insignificant effect of unrealized gains/losses (URGL) and a negative effect of realized gains/losses (SGL) on bank stock returns. We argue that these results may reflect the omission of changes in value of other net assets resulting from interest rate changes. We find that after controlling for effects of other (on-balance sheet) net assets, both URGL and SGL have significant positive effects on bank returns in normal periods. But the SGL effect is significantly lower in periods of low capital and earnings. These findings are relevant to the market value accounting debate.

The main theme of David Card and Alan Krueger's book, Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage, is that the data do not support the view that minimum wages reduce employment. The most important chapter considers data for the fast food industry, where it is suggested that recent minimum wage increases may actually have increased employment, contrary to the standard theorem that labor demand curves slope down. A more reasonable view of the evidence, in this book and in many other studies going back to 1915, is that the employment effects of minimum wages are small, and difficult to detect in the noisy data available.

Abstract. Rent‐seeking by U.S. corporations, through tax accounting rules, is examined with respect to tax law changes in the 1980s. Results are supportive of theory. Campaign contributions by firms' Political Action Committees (and by their officers, directors, and employees) to tax‐writing members of Congress, prior to two tax law changes, are functions of industry concentration and anticipated (specific) tax accounting rule changes, the latter were drawn from footnotes of firms' financial statements. Other uses of the data for financial accounting research are discussed. Résumé. Les auteurs se penchent sur le cas des sociétés qui, aux États‐Unis, cherchent à promouvoir leurs propres intérêts, en s'efforçant d'influer sur le contenu des règles de comptabilité fiscale, relativement aux modifications qui ont été apportées à la loi fiscale dans les années 80. Les résultats obtenus confirment la théorie. Les contributions versées aux campagnes par les comités d'action politique des entreprises (et par leurs dirigeants, leurs administrateurs et leurs employés) aux membres du Congrès responsables de l'élaboration de la loi fiscale, avant les deux modifications apportées à cette loi, sont fonction de la concentration sectorielle et des changements anticipés dans l'apport de modifications (précises) des règles de comptabilité fiscale. Les mesures de cet apport ont été tirées des notes aux états financiers des entreprises. Les auteurs étudient d'autres usages possibles des données recueillies aux fins de la recherche en comptabilité financière.

Earnings announcements, Block trades, Information asymmetry, Permanent price effects