Lack of systematic study of market distribution. Emphasis on production explained by economic causes. Importance of a better organization of market distribution, 703. — Complexity of the problem facing the distributer. Consumer's surplus. Bearing on the distributer's problem, 707. — Selling at the market minus, selling at the market, and selling at the market plus, 712. — Social justification of the differentiation of commodities: Importance of trade-marking, 718. — Methods of sale: sale in bulk; sale by sample; sale by description, 721. — Available agencies for selling: middlemen, producers' salesmen, and advertising, direct and general, 723. — Emergence and rise in importance of the middleman. Modern tendency to decrease number of successive middlemen, 725. — Analysis of the functions of the middleman: sharing the risk, transporting the goods, financing the operations, selling or communication of ideas about the goods, and assembling, assorting, and re-shipping. Development of functional middlemen. Advantages of direct selling in some industries. Present day importance of the direct selling in some industries. Present day importance of the middleman, 731. — The producer's salesman as an agency in distribution, 740. — Advertising as an agency in distribution: relation to sale by description; relation to trade-marking; analysis of classes of demand created by advertising, 742. — Social waste in distribution. Practical problem of distributer, 746. — Analysis of market into geographic sections and economic and social strata, 749. — Laboratory study of distribution, 754. — Wide application of such method of study, 758. — Possibility of better organization of distribution, 763.

Louis; the channel of the Mississippi River between St. Louis and the Gulf composes the remainder of the route. Beginning at Lake Michigan and the mouth of the Chicago River, in the very heart of the city of Chicago, the route follows the Chicago River for 6.25 miles from Lake Michigan to Robey Street, the Chicago Sani? tary and Ship Canal for 32.35 miles to the junction with the Des Plaines River and the Illinois and Michigan Canal at Joliet,1 the Des Plaines River for 15.73 miles to the junction of the Kankakee,2 the Illinois River for 273 miles to the Mississippi, and the Mississippi for 1,332 miles3 to the Gulf of Mexico.4 The total distance between Chicago