In 1834, when the, German. Zollverein went into operation, t'here. were within the limits of the p,resent German Empire between 30 and 3' millions of people. The vast majority of them were then supported by agriculture; industry and commerce, so, far as they were then developed, were carried on on a small scale. In 1905, on the other hand, there existed on the same soil 6o.6 millions of people. The excess of births over deaths was even greater than these figures would lead us, to suppose. For several decades Germany has lost great numbers of her citizens by emigration. Millions, of emigrants have found a new home in the United States. In the last fifteen years, however, this emigration has greatly diminished. The population tends to remain in Germany, and there to obtain its livelihood. In wlhat way, then, has this surplus of population obtained its support? How has it come about that nearly twice as many people now live in Germany, and a-re richer, better fed, and better housed, than in 1834? In answer to' this question, it is to be noticed that oinly a small proportion of this surplus poptulation is engaged it] agriculture. Tlhere can be no; question that agricultural effort has become more productive: there has been mrore efficient specia.liza.tion, industrial by-wo,rk has been separated from! agriculture,