Network location problems occur when new facilities are to be located on a network. The network of interest may be a road network, an air transport network, a river network, or a network of shipping lanes. For a given network location problem, the new facilities are often idealized as points, and may be located anywhere on the network; constraints may be imposed upon the problem so that new facilities are not too far from existing facilities. Usually some objective function is to be minimized. For single objective function problems, typically the objective is to minimize either a sum of transport costs proportional to network travel distances between existing facilities and closest new facilities, or a maximum of “losses” proportional to such travel distances, or the total number of new facilities to be located. There is also a growing interest in multiobjective network location problems. Of the approximately 100 references we list, roughly 60 date from 1978 or later; we focus upon work which deals directly with the network of interest, and which exploits the network structure. The principal structure exploited to date is that of a tree, i.e., a connected network without cycles. Tree-like networks may be encountered when having cycles is very expensive, as with portions of interstate highway systems. Further, simple distribution systems with a single distributor at the “hub” can often be modeled as star-like trees. With trees, “reasonable” functions of distance are often convex, whereas for a cyclic network such functions of distance are usually nonconvex. Convexity explains, to some extent, the tractability of tree network location problems.

[Forward and spot exchange rates are modelled as an unrestricted bivariate autoregression from weekly data on the New York foreign exchange market for June, 1973 to April, 1980. The null hypothesis that the forward exchange rate is an unbiased estimate of the corresponding future spot exchange rate is tested by means of a nonlinear Wald test and is rejected for all six currencies considered. The results cast doubt on a central assumption in many current models of exchange rate behavior.]

This paper tests the hypothesis that the future distribution of payoffs provided by a common stock depends upon whether ownership of the stock also conveys control over the firm's activities. For 26 firms that had two classes of common stock outstanding, the class with superior voting rights traded at a premium relative to the other class. However, in four firms where the ownership structure of the firm also included a class of voting preferred stock, the class of common with superior voting rights traded at a significant discount relative to the class of common with inferior voting rights. The analysis suggests that there are both benefits and costs of corporate control.

Periods of high mortgage interest rates that characterized the early 1980s have escalated the use of assumption financing in home buying. In these periods, there is an increased demand for alternative sources of financing and a movement away from conventional sources. The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical and empirical analysis of the effect of the increased use of assumption financing on selling prices of single-family residential housing. Aside from physical characteristics, the financing arranged by the homebuyer is considered a major influence in determining house prices. This is especially true in real estate appraisal practice where differences in types of financing are one of the major categories of adjustment (see [1], [4], and [10]).

A solution method and an estimation method for nonlinear rational expectations models are presented in this paper.The solution method can be used in forecasting and policy applications and can handle models with serial correlation and multiple viewpoint dates.When applied to linear models, the solution method yields the same results as those obtained from currently available methods that are designed specifically for linear models.It is, however, more flexible and general than these methods.The estimation method is based on the maximum likelihood principal.It is, as far as we know, the only method available for obtaining maximum likelihood estimates for nonlinear rational expectations models.The method has the advantage of being applicable to a wide range of models, including, as a special case, linear models.The method can also handle different assumptions about the expectations of the exogenous variables, something which is not true of currently available approaches to linear models.

‘Antitakeover’ amendments are amendments to a corporation's charter that impede the ability of an ‘outsider’ to gain control of the firm. A number of individuals and institutions have onjected to such amendments on the grounds that they are not in the best interests of the shareholders of the firms that adopt them. This paper employs event-time methodology to investigate the impact of antitakeover amendments on the common stock prices of firms that adopt them. The results indicate that the announcement of such amendments is associated with a positive revaluation of stock price. Contrary to the concerns of their critics, we conclude that antitakeover amendments are proposed by managers who seek to increase the value of the firm and are approved by stockholders who share that objective.

Introduction: Multinational Enterprise and Multinational Financial Management. PART ONE: ENVIRONMENT OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT. The Determination of Exchange Rates. The International Monetary System. The Balance of Payments and International Economic Linkages. The Foreign Exchange Market. Currency Futures and Options Markets. Parity Conditions in International Finance and Currency Forecasting. PART TWO: FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK MANAGEMENT. Measuring Accounting Exposure. Managing Accounting Exposure. Measuring Economic Exposure. Managing Economic Exposure. PART THREE: MULTINATIONAL WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT. Financing Foreign Trade. Current Asset Management. Managing the Multinational Financial System. PART FOUR: FINANCING FOREIGN OPERATIONS. International Financing and International Financial Markets. Special Financing Vehicles. International Banking Trends and Strategies. The Cost of Capital for Foreign Investments. PART FIVE: FOREIGN INVESTMENT ANALYSIS. International Portfolio Investment. Corporate Strategy and Foreign Direct Investment. Capital Budgeting for the Multinational Corporation. The Measurement and Management of Political Risk. Glossary of Key Words and Terms in International Finance.

Varouj A. Aivazian, Jeffrey L. Callen, Itzhak Krinsky, Clarence C. Y. Kwan, Mean-Variance Utility Functions and the Demand for Risky Assets: An Empirical Analysis Using Flexible Functional Forms, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 18, No. 4 (Dec., 1983), pp. 411-424