We examine the impact of venture capital (VC) on corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance in China. Exploiting the timing of VC exit, we find that the CSR performance of VC-backed companies improves after the exit of VC. Using the age of VC funds as an instrument for VC exit, we find that the effect is likely to be causal. Further analyses suggest that the effect is largely driven by inexperienced, badly performing, and less reputable VCs.

This paper presents a method for solving the mean‐variance portfolio selection problem that is applicable to the case where the number of securities is nondenumerably infinite. Necessary conditions for the existence of an optimal portfolio density are obtained and an expression for the efficient frontier is derived. The conditions for the existence of an optimal portfolio of continuously maturing bonds when their covariance matrix is singular are used to derive an arbitrage‐free bond pricing equation. A method for estimating the covariance matrix and the associated efficient frontier is presented.

This paper presents a method for solving the mean-variance portfolio selection problem that is applicable to the case where the number of securities is nondenumerably infinite. Necessary conditions for the existence of an optimal portfolio density are obtained and an expression for the efficient frontier is derived. The conditions for the existence of an optimal portfolio of continuously maturing bonds when their covariance matrix is singular are used to derive an arbitrage-free bond pricing equation. A method for estimating the covariance matrix and the associated efficient frontier is presented.