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Wirtschaftsprüfer Perception of Auditor Independence.

The Accounting Review 1981 56(1), 97-107
Auditors of U.S. multinational companies with subsidiaries in the Federal Republic of Germany frequently must rely on the audit work performed by German auditors (Wirtschaftsprufer). If German financial statements are to be included in the consolidated financial statements of a U.S. parent company, the foreign auditors must comply with the SEC requirement that auditors be independent. This paper discusses the results of a survey conducted to ascertain the perceptions of Wirtschaftsprufer concerning auditors' independence. A questionnaire which listed a number of auditor-client relationships for which the SEC position was known was mailed to a random sample of Wirtschaftsprufer. The sample subjects were asked to indicate for each situation whether they considered the auditors involved to be independent or not independent. The responses received were compared with the SEC positions. The results of the survey show that, on the whole, most German auditors take a less strict view of auditors' independence than does the SEC. Since the SEC rules on independence are, with minor exceptions, applicable to all auditors of SEC registrants, it seems that it is important that foreign auditors be made aware of the specific SEC rulings.

Modern Real Estate.

Journal of Finance 1981 36(5), 1220
Partial table of contents: THE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK. The American Real Estate Industry: An Overview. Regional and Urban Economics. Spatial Economics: Rent, Situs, and Succession Theory. THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT. Real Estate Interests and Forms of Ownership. Transferring Real Estate Interests. VALUATION AND THE APPRAISAL PROCESS. The Sales Comparison Approach and the Cost Approach. MARKETING, BROKERAGE, AND MANAGEMENT. Marketing. Brokerage. Asset Management: The Property Management Perspective. REAL ESTATE FINANCE. The Financial System and Real Estate Finance. Financing Mechanics: The Borrower's Perspective. Mortgage Underwriting: The Lender's Perspective. The Secondary Mortgage Markets. REAL ESTATE TAXATION. Income and Property Taxation. INVESTMENT ANALYSIS. Principles of Investment. The Discounted Cash-Flow Model. REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT. Land Use Feasibility Analysis. PUBLIC POLICY AND PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE. Government Involvement. Appendix. Compound Interest Tables. Glossary. Index.