Knowledge that Transforms

The assumption of independent national price systems, in theory and in treatment of current problems, 409. — I. No domestic and no international prices; only local prices, more or less sensitive to external conditions, 410; merchandise and services, wholesale and retail prices, not differentiated in the terms "international" and "domestic" commodities, 413. — II. Parallelism in movement of wholesale price indices, 413; Internationalization of the commodity price structure, 414. — III. Illusion of domestic price structure for wholesale merchandise: large or sustained movement not essential to price interdependence, 422; defective market data and apparent price deviations, 432; limitations upon actual deviation; a priori indications of high correlation, 433. — IV. Reformulation: the local category consists mainly of services and retail prices, 436; merchandise at wholesale is international, 437; regional prices structurally related, 442. — V. Practical applications: farm relief, 452; export combinations, 453; tariff and monetary problems, 455. — VI. Regional prices of international goods: as affected by foreign exchange, 456; by movement of specie or changes in purchasing power, 457; a possible reconciliation with orthodox theory, 458; price stabilization through credit policies of central banks, 459.

Introduction, 460. — Birth registration introduced after 1850 but generally unsuccessful in the United States, 460. — Census and registration returns in New York, 465. — Birth registration in Indiana, 470. — Census and birth registration returns in Michigan, 472. — Conclusions, 482.

Spread of Raiffeisen type to the Orient, 484. — Famine the impetus to the movement in China, 485. — The model constitution of 1923, 486. — The Central Bank and its policy, 487. — Its educational activities, 489. — Credit unions, 491. — Growth of coöperatives, 491. — Status and purpose of loans, 492. — Comparative cost of loans, 495. — The outlook, 496.

Nature of the problem, 309; of the data, 314. — Evidence as to geographical mobility of labor, 316. — Duration of unemployment: before first job, 324; time on first job, 329; time lost during period of survey, 329; unemployed at end of survey, 332: — Quality of jobs obtained, 334. — Change in annual income, 339. — The dismissal wage: purpose, 342; utilization, 343; adequacy, 345.

I. The Australian Tariff Committee's report and free trade theory, 289. — The expansion of primary production, 290. — The tariff and the growth of population in Australia, 293. — II. Marshall's doctrine of increasing and decreasing returns, 295. — The tariff and land values, 296. — The tariff as a method of reducing the severity of decreasing returns, 297. — III. Patten's case for protection, 299. — The conditions necessary for its application, 302. — IV. The limits of economic protection, 305. — V. The expediency of the tariff as a method of subsidizing industry, 306.

Introductory survey of legislation, 262. — I. Developments 1920–1926, 265. — The Act of 1927, 273. — II. Leniency of Boards of Guardians not an adequate explanation of conditions, 275. — III. Extent of overlapping of Poor Law and Insurance System, 280. — Analysis of recipients of aid from both, 285. — Conclusion, 287.

Journal Article Stock Dividends, Large Scale Business, and Corporate Savings — A Criticism Get access Gardiner C. Means Gardiner C. Means Columbia University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 45, Issue 3, May 1931, Pages 536–540, https://doi.org/10.2307/1883905 Published: 01 May 1931

Journal Article Irving Fisher's "Theory of Interest" Get access Gottfried Haberler Gottfried Haberler University of Vienna Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 45, Issue 3, May 1931, Pages 499–516, https://doi.org/10.2307/1883901 Published: 01 May 1931

Introduction, 1. — I. Definition of terms, 2. — II. Reactions to a falsified good: (1) the genuine is displaced, 8; (2) both remain in use, 11; (3) the falsified disappears, 13; (4) the demand for both falls, 13; (5) the demand for both increases, 16. — Importance of knowledge, 17. — III. Effect of conditions of production, 20; of elasticity of supply, 21. — IV. Effect of legal enactments: labelling, 23; grading, 25. — V. Effect upon the national economy and the final user, 26. — Waste, 27. — Introduction of novelties, 30. — Expense for protection, 31.

I. The argument that labor-saving improvements release purchasing power and so reabsorb displaced labor, 684.— The fallacy in this argument, 686.— Circumstances under which the displaced labor will be reabsorbed, 687.— II. Effect of price reduction, 688; of restrictions upon credit and wage rates, 690.— III. Effect of price maintenance, 692; of lower interest rates, 693.— IV. The effect of universal monopoly upon unemployment, 696.— Quasi-monopoly control of prices contrasted with rigid control of wage-rates, 697.