I. Five current theories: pin money, joint cost, temporary independence, permanent independence, family support, 226. — II. Shortcomings of current theories, 234. — III. Bases of a theory for the future, 240. — Conclusion, 255.
Introduction, 473. — I. Comparison of railroads and industrial enterprises, 476. — A. Statistical analysis, 478. — Ratio of fixed to variable expenses, 480. — Ratio of interest charges to total expenses, 481. — Ratio of capital investment to annual value of products, 484. — B. Some theoretical considerations bearing on the differences between railroads and industrial enterprises, 488. — Importance of fixed plant, 488. — Specialized character of plant, 490. — Operation of law of increasing returns, 491. — Presence of joint cost, 492. — Number of competitors, 493. — Effect of slight reduction in prices, 494. — Danger of spoiling the market, 494. — II. Study of individual industries, 497. — Iron and steel, 498. — Anthracite coal, 502. — Harvesting machine, 503. — Sugar, 505. — Tobacco, 507. — Whisky, 509. — Cordage, 511. — Wall paper, 511. — Malt, 512. — Bicycle, 512. — Tin can, 513. — Corn starch, 514. — Sole leather, 515. — Salt, 516. — Asphalt, 517. — Conclusion, 518.
I. The issue, 329. — II. Criticism of prevailing methods of computing replacements, 331. — III. Analysis of the case for the replacement concept, 335. — IV. The case against the replacement concept, 340.
Events of 1917: the Food Control Act, the guaranteed price, the "fair" price, 698. — The operations of the Grain Corporation in 1917–18, 699. — The guarantee extended to 1919, 704. — The Price Guarantee Act of March 4, 1919, 707. — Crop and prices of 1919, 708. — Expiration of the guarantee; plans for resumption of future trading, 715. — Relative advance in prices of wheat, flour, and bread since 1913, 717. — Financial outcome of the Grain Corporation's activities, 718.
Journal Article The Literature of Guild Socialism Get access Niles H. Carpenter Niles H. Carpenter Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 34, Issue 4, August 1920, Pages 763–776, https://doi.org/10.2307/1885166 Published: 01 August 1920
Introduction, 720. — The world sugar market during 1919, 723. — The problem of the surplus, 726. — The problem of the shortage, 726. The problem of decontrol, 728. — Conditions in 1920, 732. —Conclusion, 734.
I. Introductory; the plan of September, 1919. — II. The tax on increments of property, 112. — Scale of rates, 114. — III. The tax on property, as proposed in November, 1919, 119. — IV. The tax on property in its present form; general characteristics, 120. — Scale of rates, 122. — In essentials, an extraordinary levy, 123. — Exemptions, 126. — Valuation; real property, 128. — Business, 129. — Securities, 129. — Allowance for debts, 131. — Presumptive valuations, 135. — Penalties, 137. — Conclusion, 138.
The author's proposal of 1917, 462. — The law of 1919, 463. — Other tax law, 469. — Administration importance, 469. — Why no severe sacrifice was made, 470.
Introduction. Some influences of the war on the supply of fertilizer materials, 391. — I. Classification and uses of nitrogen compounds, 394. — II. Sources of fixed nitrogen: Chilean nitrate, 398; coal, 401; air, 404. — III. The fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by chemical processes: arc process, 405; cyanamid process, 408; Haber process, 410; cyanide process, 414. — Summary of the situation at the outbreak of the war, 416. — IV. Developments in nitrogen fixation since the outbreak of the European war: Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland, 417; Germany and Austria, 418; Japan, Italy, France, and Great Britain, 420; United States, 422. — V. The future policy of the United States, 428.
Three groups of rural economists, 300. — Dominance of the first group, emphasizing farm management, 301. — Its position unsound in principle, 302. — Difficulties of combining the individual with the social point of view, 303. — Multiplicity of subjects treated, 304. — Doubtful whether rural economics can be separated from general economics, 308.