This paper extends the Kiyotaki-Wright search model of fiat money to allow for divisible money and goods. The extension allows me to examine the standard issues in monetary economics, such as the neutrality and superneutrality of money, by severing the artificial link in the Kiyotaki-Wright model between the money supply and the number of money holders. It is shown that money is neutral, but not superneutral. Money growth generates a trading opportunity effect: it changes the fraction of different agents in the economy and hence changes the probability with which agents have a successful match. In addition, money growth has a negative effect on the real money balance that is familiar in Walrasian monetary models. The balance of the two effects can imply a positive optimal money growth rate.
In this paper we derive the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic of a generalized version of the integrated conditional moment (ICM) test of Bierens (1982, 1984), under a class of Vn-local alternatives, where n is the sample size. The generalized version involved includes neural network tests as a special case, and allows for testing misspecification of dynamic models. It appears that the ICM test has nontrivial local power. Moreover, we show that under the assumption of normal errors the ICM test is asymptotically admissible, in the sense that there does not exist a test that is uniformly more powerful. The asymptotic size of the test is case-dependent: the critical values of the test depend on the data-generating process. In this paper we derive case-independent upperbounds of the critical values
For conditional heteroskedasticity models, the authors study the identification condition that is required for consistency of a non-Gaussian quasi-maximum-likelihood estimator. They show that, if the conditional mean is zero or if a symmetry condition is satisfied, then the identification condition is satisfied. Without symmetry, an additional parameter, for the location of the innovation density, must be added for identification. For the conditional variance parameters of a GARCH process, there is no efficiency loss from adding the parameter under symmetry, when the parameter is not needed.
This paper proposes a Bayesian approach t o a v ector autoregression with stochastic volatility, where the multiplicative e v olution of the precision matrix is driven by a m ultivariate beta variate.Exact updating formulas are given to the nonlinear ltering of the precision matrix.Estimation of the autoregressive parameters requires numerical methods: an importance-sampling based approach is explained here.i
In a nontransferable utility exchange economy with a continuum of agents, the Mas-Collel bargaining set coincides with the set of Walrasian equilibria. In this paper, we show that the Mas-Colell bargaining set, as well as a smaller bargaining set due to Zhou, may fail to converge to competitive outcomes in large finite NTU exchange economies.
THE REQUIREMENT OF NO-ENVY is at the heart of recent equity theory. An allocation is free from envy if no agent strictly prefers the bundle of goods which is assigned to another agent to the one she/he gets. An allocation rule satisfies No-Envy if it only selects envy-free allocations. In this paper, we examine the relationship between No-Envy and implementability in a general model. Our main result is that in monotonically closed domains the No-Envy property is satisfied by any allocation rule which is both horizontally equitable and Nash Implementable. The requirement of horizontal equity, called Equal Treatment of Equals, simply states that two agents having the same preferences should be treated equally, i.e., should be assigned the same welfare level. The monotonic closedness condition on the domain of admissible preferences is satisfied in many private and/or public good environments, as discussed below. Quasi-linear domains, however, are examples of nonmonotonically closed domains. Our result confirms the widespread intuition that the No-Envy requirement is justified not only from an equity point of view but also from an implementation standpoint (see Hammond (1979) and Champsaur and Laroque (1981)). Moreover, it throws some light on several previous results where specific allocation rules defined over monotonically closed domains are characterized by Nash Implementability among other axioms. As a consequence of our analysis, No-Envy can be weakened into Equal Treatment of Equals in these characterizations (see, e.g., Thomson (1990) and Nagahisa and Suh (1995)). Similar arguments apply to decentralization problems where informational efficiency is the primary concern. For instance, Calsamiglia and Kirman (1993) characterized the Equal Income Walrasian rule on the basis of informational efficiency, Pareto Optimality, and No-Envy. Again, No-Envy can be replaced by Equal Treatment of Equals in this result.2 On the other hand, our result also explains why Nash Implementable allocation rules violating No-Envy over monotonically closed domains all fail to satisfy Equal Treatment of Equals. Examples include the Lindahl solution, the ratio equilibrium solution (Kaneko (1977)) and the balanced linear cost share solution (Mas-Colell and Silvestre (1989)); see Corchon (1989) and Wilkie (1990). At the end of the paper, we show that if we restrict ourselves to allocation functions (that is, allocation rules selecting one and only one allocation per economy), then a similar result holds for Strategy-Proofness, provided the Satterthwaite-Sonnenschein (1981) property of Non-Bossiness is also imposed. That is, in monotonically closed
A model of social distance is presented that is useful for understanding social decisions. An example is constructed of class stability. Agents who are initially close interact strongly while those who are socially distant have little interaction. In this example, inherited social position, which may be interpreted as social class, plays a dominant role. The relevance of this model to social decisions, such as the choice of educational attainment and childbearing, is discussed in the context of specific ethnographic examples. Class position may play a dominant role in these decisions.
THIS ARTICLE EXPLAINS current editorial procedures and policies of Econometrica; it is primarily addressed to authors who plan to submit manuscripts to the journal. Section 2 deals briefly with clarity in writing and exposition. Section 3 explains our organization and how submissions are handled. Details concerning the preparation of manuscripts are covered in Section 4; Section 5 discusses the submission of Announcements and News Notes. purpose of the Econometric Society is defined in Section 1 of our Constitution: The Econometric Society is an international society for the advancement of economic theory in its relation to statistics and mathematics.... Its main object is to promote studies that aim at the unification of the theoretical-quantitative and the empirical-quantitative approach to economic problems and that are penetrated by constructive and rigorous thinking. Econometrica has no tightly controlled policy towards subject matter. No paper is rejected because it is or too quantitative, but because our membership includes economists with a variety of research interests, it is necessary that full-length contributions be prepared so that the nonspecialist is informed of what they are about and why the results are important. At the same time, no paper is rejected because it is not mathematical enough or applied, nor need papers make a methodological contribution. What is important is that the papers we publish should be interesting, original, and well crafted, and that they use whatever mathematical and/or statistical tools are appropriate for the problem at hand.