Knowledge that Transforms

Importance of studying the formal aspects of trade-union government, 78. — Scope of the paper, 80. — I. Structural elements: the industry within which the union operates, 80; administrative problems faced by the union, 89; competition of other unions, 93; legal directives, 96. — II. Initative elements: meaning of the concept, 98; illustrations, 99. — III. Power elements: meaning of the concept, 102; classification, 102; the Musicians' Union, 104; other cases, 106. — IV. Summary and conclusion: two basic characteristics revealed, 108; relative importance of different factors, 108; separation of legislative, executive and judicial authority, 109; conflicting interests, 109; union philosophy, 109; centralization, 110.

Monopoly often only an attempt to solve a problem, 524. — The "classical" argument against monopoly, 525. — Its limitations, 525. — The rôle of deflation in the development of monopoly, 527. — Price flexibility and spiral effects, 530. — Wages and employment, 533. — The fear of deflation, 534. — Saving, 536. — Competition vs. deflation, 537. — Non-price competition, 538. — Advertising, 540. — Control of deflation, 540. — Other grounds for monopolistic trends, 541.

Introduction: early opposition, 597. — Impediments to Negro employment: employer attitudes, 600; union attitudes, 605. — Methods of introducing Negro labor: Lockheed-Vega, 608; North American, 610; Wright Aeronautical, 611. — Labor utilization: over-all increase in Negro workers, 613; particular labor markets, 615. — The rôle of labor unions, 621. — Conclusion, 623.

Preliminary definitions, 405. — Liquidity and the monetary concept, 406. — Liquidity preference, 410. — Definition of money, 411. — The utility of money, 414. — Answers to objections, 414. — The specifications of monetary neutrality, 418. — Three model sequences, 420. — Conclusions for policy, 425.

The "excess burden" doctrine, 577. — I. Marshall's analysis, 578 —. Mrs. Hicks' reformulation, 579. — J. R. Hicks on "compensating variations in income, " 579. — Miss Joseph's analysis, 579. — II. Excess burden not peculiar to indirect taxes, 582. — Comparison with income taxes, 586. — Progression, 587. — Compensation for subjective costs, 590. — III. Other economic effects of taxes, 591. — IV. Commodity and income taxes in the light of "ideal" requirements, 594. — V. Conclusions, 596.

Journal Article Does the Consumer Benefit from Price Instability? Get access L. D. Howell L. D. Howell Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 59, Issue 2, February 1945, Pages 287–295, https://doi.org/10.2307/1884829 Published: 01 February 1945

I. The British public debt in the eighteenth century and contemporary opinion, 451. — Steuart in the literature, 452. — II. Steuart's views on the public debt: public vs. private debt, 454; public debt and circulation, 455; public credit as the balance wheel, 456; comparison with taxes, 457; social effects, 458; repayment, 459; debt limits, 462. — III. British and French credit in the eighteenth century; deterioration of French credit, 466; influence of form of government, 467; public confidence, 467; narrowness of the market, 468; burdensome taxation, 468; the sinking fund, 469; interest rates, 471; qualifications, 471. — IV. The "evolutionist approach, " 472. — V. Conclusion: Steuart's position, 475.

I. War damage and its consequences: changes in economic structure, 1; destruction of property, 3; requisitions and other exactions, 6; the over-all losses; 10; war losses and national wealth, 12; effect on currency and economic recovery, 15; deflationary measures, 18; the present outlook, 21. II. Reparations: early opinions and decisions, 25; the Potsdam agreement, 26; the outlook for reparations, 29. III. The economic disarmament of Germany: plans and proposals, 32; objections to deindustrialization, 35; the Crimea and Potsdam decisions, 37; the German war potential, 38; effects of deindustrialization, 43. IV. Conclusions, 52.

I. Three approaches to the problem of international currency stability, 563. — II. What is a key currency? 567. — Importance of non-key currencies, 567; of stable relations between currencies, 569. — Other postwar currency problems overlooked, 570. — Uncertainty regarding proposed stabilization agreement between United States and Great Britain, 571. — The problem of exchange restrictions after the war, 572. — Many currencies are key currencies from standpoint of certain commodities, 574. — III. Alternatives facing nations of the world, 576.

The prewar situation, 206. — British unemployment statistics, 207. — The course of unemployment, 208. — The composition of unemployment: women, 214; older workers, 217; depressed areas, 218; unemployables, 222.— Duration of unemployment, 225. — Causes and implications of the war-time record: changes in the labor supply, 227; changes in the demand for labor, 229; government control of the labor market, 231. — Conclusion, 234.