This text teaches important theoretical models to help your students organize their investments. Your students will learn how to time investment decisions, analyze financial statements, and achieve successful investment results through a global outlook.

This research contributes to the scarce but growing literature on women angel investors. More specifically, leveraging stereotype threat theory, we investigate the role played by the social environment in shaping investing behavior across genders. This study offers a comparison between female angels from a stereotype-threat–free environment and (a) male angels, and (b) female angel investors investing in a strongly male-dominated environment. Using proprietary survey data of 96 business angels, our findings confirm that the social context plays an important role in explaining female investment behavior and involvement in BA-group activities. We find that women in a female-only group do not feature investment behavior that differs significantly from men. Whereas women who invest as a minority in a male-dominated environment tend to behave differently. Investment experience, however, moderates the influence of male-dominated environments on female investment behavior. The study confirms earlier exploratory findings related to the role of stereotype threat in female business angel activity at the individual level. Contributing to stereotype threat theory and gender studies in the business angel literature, our findings suggest that the historically marginal contribution of women is a result of the social construction of their role in the finance industry, in which stereotype threats may be particularly prevalent, rather than of supposedly innate features of gender.

Kalman J. Cohen, Steven F. Maier, Robert A. Schwartz, David K. Whitcomb, Market Makers and the Market Spread: A Review of Recent Literature, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 14, No. 4, Proceedings of 14th Annual Conference of the Western Finance Association, June 21-23, 1979 (Nov., 1979), pp. 813-814+816-835

Beginning in the late 1950's, the federal government has supported several programs to develop commercial uses of space. Early on, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) supported the development of several generations of communications satellites. In the 1970's, NASA developed the Space Shuttle which, although officially declared operational, still consumed much of NASA's budget in the 1980's. These projects exemplify a class of programs in which the government seeks to advance technology to serve specific commercial objectives. NASA may regard exploring and using space as a valid national goal, but both of these projects were justified externally on economic grounds-both would reduce costs of existing activities, and make possible new commercial activities. The two programs met different fates. The communications satellite program, after producing several important commercial advances, was killed in 1973. The Space Shuttle, despite cost overruns and performance underruns, survived political challenges and appears to be permanent. The purpose of this paper is to apply recent developments in the theory of policy decisions by elected officials to illuminate the adoption, implementation, performance, and ultimate fate of these programs.