Abstract Reviews the book "Excess Profits Taxation," by Kenneth James Curran.

Abstract If an example were sought from accounting to show that living language changes, the word "surplus" would be a good one to use. It was not originally a bookkeeping term, having come rather late into accounting from earlier use in law. Its antecedent in bookkeeping was profit. But before the noun "surplus" became as prominent in accounting as is the noun "profit," it passed through a long chrysalid stage in law as an adjective in the phrase "surplus profits." After the middle of the nineteenth century the term "surplus assets" appears in court cases, especially cases in Great Britain. In 1869 "whole surplus" was used in referring to assets of an enterprise in dissolution. Surplus assets, it was said, must be distributed pro rata. In 1889 the courts referred to dividing the surplus after payment of liquidation expenses. In 1896 a court tried to link the two terms by saying that surplus assets means surplus profits, and then explained that surplus assets are those remaining after payment of debts and recoupment of capital. It was perhaps not well understood until more recently that the word "profits" always carries within it a reference to "surplus assets," but that the phrase "surplus assets" does not always connote "profits."

Abstract A committee on selection of personnel was established by the American Institute of Accountants in 1943 in the U.S., to study ways and means of insuring a continuing influx of capable people into the profession of accounting. Obviously, vocational counseling would sooner or later be involved. If counseling could avoid some of the heartbreaking experiences often met in fumbling and stumbling into one's life work, it would surely be worth while to the individual, and no less to the profession. It is clear, too, that counseling could work best if it rested on factual evidence regarding the individual's capability and promise. To furnish some evidence of this kind, tests would be needed that would be revealing, that could be easily administered, and that might be so widely used as to furnish national norms as a standard of comparison. The purpose of the present project of the committee is to define the mental and personal qualities which make for success in professional accounting. It also aims to develop, in collaboration with educational institutions, a procedure whereby promising young men may be discovered and guided towards the profession establish a battery of tests and supplementary techniques.

The industry: definition, 194; characteristics, 195; structure, 196; economies of scale, 197. — Price regulation from World War I to the N.R.A.: newsprint, 198; book paper, 200; other branches, 201. — Price regulation during the N.R.A.: the newsprint code, 203; the general paper code, 204. — Price regulation after the N.R.A.: prewar developments, 206; war-time control, 210. — Summary, 211. — Some pertinent questions: restriction of price competition, 212; effects of price competition, 215; public policy, 216.

Чрезвычайно полезная статья об истории такого важного и противоречивого понятия как РЕНТА. Автор подробно рассматривает происхождение этого термина (в том числе его семантику) и подходы различных экономистов к его определению и встраиванию в теорию цены. В ходе изложения различных подходов автор пытается устранить возникающие двусмысленности и сделать теорию ренты универсальной концепцией, применимой к любым факторам производства.

Abstract Reviews the book "Industrial Relations and the Social Order," by Wilbert E. Moore.

Abstract Reviews the book "Practical Management Research," by A.R. Wiren and Carl Heyel.