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Accounting for Price Changes: American Steel Rails, 1879-1910
A framework is developed for decomposing product price changes into changes in input prices, technical efficiency, and deviations of price from unit cost. This framework facilitates the measurement of productivity growth in noncompetitive industries. The history of American steel rail prices between 1879 and 1910 is analyzed, and it is concluded (in contrast with much recent work) that productivity growth remained rapid until the twentieth century and that the steel industry was sufficiently collusive so that the rail producers received the benefits of that productivity growth as excess profits.
Sustainability and the Entry Process
Railroad Regulation, Deregulation, and Workable Competition
Railroad Regulation, Deregulation, and Workable Competition
Estimation and Control of Rational Expectations Models
Increasing Unemployment and Changing Labor Market Expectations Among Black Male Teenagers
Work Related Communication, Environmental Uncertainty, and Subunit Effectiveness: A Second Look at the Information Processing Approach to Subunit Communication
The article discusses communication in organizations and looks at the effectiveness of contingency theory in analyzing operational research. The author critiques earlier research in this area, specifically by Boehm, Zedeck, and Tushman. She uses data from 90 of 100 subunits of a midwest state Extension Service. Questionnaires were sent out to assess work-related communications and information exchanges between the subunits, environmental conditions within each subunit, and the effectiveness of each office.
Management by Objectives: As Developed by Peter Drucker, Assisted by Harold Smiddy
In this article, I discuss the early development of the philosophy and concept of management by objectives (MBO) as it has been traditionally defined in the literature. Peter Drucker worked out the philosophic foundations of MBO with the assistance of Harold Smiddy of the General Electric Company, who was already putting the “manager's letter” concept into practice in the late 1940s.
Person/Role Conflict: Holland's Model Extended to Role-Stress Research, Stress Management, and Career Development
Within the considerable volume of research on role-stress antecedents and consequences, the construct of person/role conflict has rarely been studied separately from other forms of role conflict (intersender, intrasender, role overload). An extension of Holland's person/environment congruence-model (from vocational psychology) to research on person/role conflict can help clarify this construct. I propose three types of research to develop better understanding of this type of employee stress: development of a scale to measure perceptions of person/role conflict separately from other types of role conflict; application of the Holland model as a conceptual base as well as an objective measure of one aspect of person/role conflict — namely, person/role incongruence; and empirical tests of the propositions suggested by the Holland model.