Journal Article On the Concept of Optimum Population Get access P. S. Dasgupta P. S. Dasgupta Trinity Hall, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 36, Issue 3, July 1969, Pages 295–318, https://doi.org/10.2307/2296429 Published: 01 July 1969 Article history Received: 15 May 1968 Received: 15 January 1969 Published: 01 July 1969

Abstract The article reports on accounting systems. Uniform accounting systems developed in Europe for firms in general, and by multicorporate structures for their component firms, proceed from the observations, that financial accounting was mainly accounting for the liquidity cycle of the firm and that the liquidity cycle was common to all businesses, but arrive at different forms of financial statements for reasons which are basically irrelevant to the question of uniformity. In this article, two forms of experimental accounting statements have been presented: the first, an integration of the income and funds flow statements with the statement of financial position; the second, an income⁄ product statement and statement of financial position ostensibly derived from economic theory and social accounting. It has been suggested that they differ in the extent to which accountants are able to utilize them, particularly for purposes of forecasting future financial position. The view that accounting income and economic income can be reconciled through changes in net present value of the firm, adjusted for payments in and withdrawals, requires testing and the place of windfall gains and unforeseen losses in this scheme of things is uncertain.

Abstract In the discipline of accounting, "goodwill" has been a thorny problem. A lot of people from all walk of life have tried their hands in defining goodwill but still they could not give a universal definition. The main cause of the arguments seems to be that the real nature of Goodwill has been submerged in the literature by the methods that we have been forced to use in practice when calculating the total values of entities. Goodwill exists because assets are present, even though they are not listed with the tangible assets. For example, "special skill and knowledge," "high managerial ability," "monopolistic situation," "social and business connections," "good name and reputation," "favorable situation," "excellent staff," "trade names" and "established clientele" are assets in this category. In the valuing process, each asset would be valued by discounting all of the net future cash flows that it was expected to create, irrespective of whether or not these indicated excess profits, or normal profits, or low profits, or losses.

Abstract Recently, professors Karl Kafer and V. K. Zimmerman presented an excellently documented paper on the evolution of the funds statement in the U.S. and in Europe. Following extensive exploration, they pointed out some significant deficiencies of the funds statement. The main purpose of this article, however, is to present a different format for the construction of this flow statement. It is hoped that a structural change in this flow statement will throw some additional light on the study of flows of economic resources at the business-enterprise level. In addition to recognizing the distinction between financial and nonfinancial flows of business operations, it is important to analyze their interplay. Productive activities may be financed internally, externally, or both. A detailed presentation of the financial activities of an enterprise will show not only how additional productive resources are acquired, but will also provide a basis, in part at least, for analyzing expansion and future income flow. The conventional balance sheet and income statement are deficient in depicting financial activities of a firm and in relating theft relationship to the firm's productive activities. It must be remembered that net income is "attributable to the whole process of business activity" and that the operations involves continuous movement of productive and financial resources. The resources-flow statement should not be treated as a supplementary device. It is a basic statement in its own right. With two basic types of flows, the need for at least two flow statements is quite dear. In addition, the resources-flow statement is much more than a statement of financial flows.