This paper develops new indicators of accumulated academic science and tests their explanatory power on productivity data from manufacturing industries. Knowledge is found to be a major contributor to productivity growth. Furthermore, a lag in effect of roughly 20 years is found between the appearance of research in the academic community and its effect on productivity in the form of knowledge absorbed by an industry. Academic technology and academic science filtered through interindustry spillovers exhibit lags of roughly 10 and 30 years each. Thus implied search and gestation times far exceed developmental periods in studies of R & D. A clear implication is that basic research declines relative to development in the face of an exogenous rise in the real of interest.

This paper reports on an experimental study of-the way in which individuals make inferences from publicly available information. We compare the predictions of a theoretical model of a common knowledge inference process with actual behavior. In the theoretical model, "perfect Bayesians," starting with private information, take actions; an aggregate statistic is made publicly available; the individuals do optimal Bayesian updating and take new actions; and the process continues until there is a common knowledge equilibrium with complete information pooling. We find that the theoretical model roughly predicts the observed behavior, but the actual inference process is clearly less efficient than the standard of the theoretical model, and while there is some pooling, it is incomplete.

This paper demonstrates that the market reaction to announcements of seasoned stock offerings varies with the presence of outside agents - accounting firms, commercial banks, and underwriters - who monitor the firm. The stock price reaction is a positive function of the quantity of bank debt in a firm's financial structure, the quality of the firm's investment banker, and the quality of the public accounting firm that serves as its external auditor. The evidence supports theoretical models that imply external agents audit, monitor, and certify decisions to issue seasoned common stock.

This paper empirically examines the importance of explicitly accounting for the layoff-rehire process in the analysis of unemployment outcomes in the United States. We find that the spells of individuals' who initially expect to be recalled account for much more of the unemployment of unemployment insurance (UI) recipients than do spells actually ending in recall. Our results indicate that the recall and new job escape rates from unemployment have quite different time patterns and are often affected in opposite ways by explanatory variables. We also find that the probability of leaving unemployment both through recalls and new job finding increases greatly around the time that UI benefits lapse.

IN NONLINEAR MODELS the power function is often approximated by asymptotic methods. The most common approach is to consider the asymptotic local power function. The local power function is monotonic and it has essentially the same shape as the power function in the classical normal linear regression model. However, the accuracy of the approximation can be poor at nonlocal alternatives. This note examines the exact powers of the Wald test in the case of a one parameter nonlinear regression model with normal errors. The model is based on the exponential response function f( x, O) = exp( Ox). The results show that the exact power function of the Wald statistic can be nonmonotonic. For selected designs the exact powers of the Wald test first increase and then eventually decline as the distance between the hypothesized and the true values of the parameter increases. The exponential structure appears in many nonlinear models; see Gallant (1975, 1987) and Bates and Watts (1988). This suggests that nonmonotonicity of the Wald test is a feature of a wide class of nonlinear models. Indeed, Nelson and Savin (1988) show that it arises in standard logit, probit, and Tobit models as well. The focus here on the nonlinear regression model is for expository convenience. While the existence of nonmonotonic power is not new, the surprising results are that this phenomenon occurs in very simple nonlinear models and that it can be quite severe. In such cases the asymptotic local power approximation provides a very poor guide to the performance of alternative tests.

Comments on the article `The Effect of the Thor Power Tool Decision on the LIFO/FIFO Choice,' by R.M. Halperin and W.N. Lanen published in the April 1987 issue of `The Accounting Review.' Change in the tax law resulting from the Supreme Court's decision in the Thor Power Tool Co. v. Comm; Fisher's Exact Test; Dependency on Standard Industry Classification code 3714.

The value of the dollar appears to move in one direction for long periods of time. We develop a new statistical model of exchange rate dynamics as a sequence of stochastic, segmented time trends. We reject the null hypothesis that exchange rates follow a random walk in favor of our model of long swings. Our model also generates better forecasts than a random walk. The specification is a natural framework for assessing the importance of the "peso problem" for the dollar. We nonetheless reject uncovered interest parity.