Prior studies on the firm size effect either do not adequately control for earnings or ignore the potential implication of earnings news for the firm size effect. Thus, they implicitly assume that the firm size effect is identical across all firms irrespective of earnings news. This study provides additional empirical evidence on the firm size effect by taking earnings news into account. The results indicate that the firm size effect persists even when earnings news, measured by the sign and magnitude of unexpected earnings, is controlled. The firm size effect, however, is pronounced only for firms with “good” earnings news, but not for firms with “bad” earnings news. Possible implications of these findings are explored. Résumé. Les études qui ont été réalisées jusqu'à maintenant sur l'incidence de la taille de l'entreprise ne contrôlent pas adéquatement la variable bénéfices ou ignorent les conséquences potentielles de l'information relative aux bénéfices sur l'incidence de la taille de l'entreprise. Elles supposent donc implicitement que l'incidence de la taille de l'entreprise est la même pour toutes les entreprises, peu importe l'information relative aux bénéfices. La présente étude ajoute aux preuves empiriques concernant l'incidence de la taille de l'entreprise, en tenant compte de l'inforrmation relative aux bénéfices. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent que l'incidence de la taille de l'entreprise persiste, même lorsque l'information relative aux bénéfices, mesurée en fonction de l'indication de bénéfices imprévus et de leur ampleur, est contrôlée. L'incidence de la taille de l'entreprise est toutefois marquée seulement dans le cas des entreprises pour lesquelles l'information relative aux bénéfices est « positive », et non dans le cas des entreprises pour lesquelles l'information relative aux bénéfices est « négative ». L'auteur explore les conséquences possibles des résultats de l'étude.

Previous work by Atiase (1985) indicates that the information content of quarterly earnings releases is inversely related to firm size. This study explores the firm‐size related differential information content of earnings releases by focusing on annual earnings, assuming that the role of firm size as a proxy for the availability of predisclosure information may differ between annual versus quarterly earnings. In addition, it also investigates how abnormal return reactions to annual earnings releases as a function of firm size change around the date of annual earnings releases. The results show that the firm‐size related differential information content of earnings releases exists with annual earnings. Specifically, the extent of common stock return reactions on (around) the annual earnings release date is inversely related to firm size, while market reaction to some early predisclosure dates is positively associated with firm size. The inverse relationship begins to show up a week prior to the earnings release date, and the positive relationship exists for days prior to that week. This latter finding is different from that reported by Atiase in that he did not detect similar evidence with quarterly earnings. No appreciable pattern of association between return reactions and firm size is detected during the week following the release date. Résumé. Les travaux précédents d'Atiase (1985) révèlent que le contenu informatif des renseignements trimestriels publiés relatifs aux bénéfices est inversement proportionnel à la taille de l'entreprise. L'auteur analyse le contenu marginal en information des renseignements relatifs aux bénéfices par rapport à la taille de l'entreprise, et plus particulièrement les bénéfices annuels, en supposant que le rôle de la taille de l'entreprise à titre d'agent d'information trimestrielle peut varier selon qu'il s'agit de bénéfices annuels ou trimestriels. L'auteur analyse en outre comment les réactions anormales du rendement à la publication des bénéfices annuels en fonction de la taille de l'entreprise changent à proximité de la date de publication des bénéfices annuels. Les résultats révèlent que le contenu marginal en information des bénéfices publiés est lié à la taille de l'entreprise dans le cas des bénéfices annuels. En particulier, l'étendue de la réaction du rendement des actions ordinaires à la date (ou près de la date) de publication des bénéfices annuels est en relation inverse avec la taille de l'entreprise, alors que la réaction du rendement à une publication trimestrielle est en relation positive avec la taille de l'entreprise. La relation inverse commence à se manifester une semaine avant la date de publication des bénéfices, alors qu'elle est positive pendant les jours qui précèdent cette semaine. Ce résultat diffère de celui rapporté par Atiase, qui n'a rien décelé qui permette d'en venir à la même conclusion dans le cas des bénéfices trimestriels. Aucune relation mesurable entre la réaction à la publication et la taille de l'entreprise ne se manifeste au cours de la semaine qui suit la date de la publication.

This study examines the information content of seven FAS No. 8 related key events on the security returns of firms affected by the accounting rule. The Box and Tiao intervention analysis was used, which combines the univariate ARIMA(p,d,q) (auto‐regressive integrated moving average) modeling with a statistical impact assessment. Results indicate that security returns of firms investigated have generally exhibited patterns of small positive blips (abrupt onsets, temporary durations, and rapid decays) around the time of the appointment of the task force as well as at the date of issuance of the exposure draft. Résumé. Cette étude examine le contenu informationnel de sept événements importants entourant le FAS no 8 sur les rendements des titres d'entreprises affectées par la règle de comptabilité. L'analyse d'intervention Box‐Tiao fut utilisée, méthode où la modélisation ARMNI (p.d.q) à une variable aléatoire est combinée à une évaluation de l'impact statistique. Les résultats indiquent que les rendements des titres émis par les firmes étudiées ont présenté des structures de petites oscillations positives (croissance brutale, durée temporaire et déclin rapide) autour des moments de nomination du groupe d'étude et de publication de l'exposé sondage.

It has now been over twenty-five years since Arnold Harberger (1971) published his open letter to the profession, in which he proposed a set of guidelines for applied welfare economics. Since then, there has been great progress in the implementation of measures of welfare that are ordinally equivalent to household utility. While welfare measurement at the micro level is of independent interest, of greater practical concern is the issue of the well-being of groups of households. In the second half of the survey, I examine the issue of the aggregation of welfare across households and describe a framework that provides a consistent ranking of social outcomes.

This paper examines how the firm’s choice of investment horizon interacts with rent-seeking by privately informed, multitasking managers and the labor market. Two main results surface. First, managers prefer longer-horizon projects that permit them to extract higher rents from firms, so short-termism involves lower agency costs and is value maximizing for some firms. Second, when firms compete for managers, firms practicing short-termism attract better managerial talent when talent is unobservable, but larger firms that invest in long-horizon projects hire more talented managers when talent is revealed. (JEL D82, D86, G31, G32, J41) Received July 25, 2019; editorial decision July 7, 2020 by Editor Uday Rajan.

We examine the impact of institutional democracy on firm value through the lens of dividend policies. Using instrumental variables, we find strong evidence that democracy improves dividends in an international sample of 18,410 unique firms across 63 countries over the 1991–2018 period. This effect is more pronounced for firms with high agency costs, or those in countries with weak legal protection for shareholders. Our evidence is robust to alternative measures of democracy and a battery of tests addressing the challenges associated with the instruments. Furthermore, dividends are capitalized at a higher rate in more democratic countries, especially for firms with high growth options. To the extent that investors are willing to pay a premium for firms that distribute more dividends, the democracy-induced dividends add to corporate value beyond the premium associated with shareholder rights-induced dividends. Overall, our results highlight that institutional democracy is an important, yet unexplored, determinant of corporate valuation.

I examine the relative effects of replacement investments (RX) and adaptation investments (AX) on equity value. My analysis draws from the real-options theory that stresses the link between firm value and the option a firm holds to continue current practice or to adapt resources to new opportunities. The key prediction is that replacement and adaptation investments reflect the exercise of different investment options that have different implications for firm value; the effect of each investment type on firm value depends on the relative attractiveness of the underlying investment option. The results show that, in the presence of earnings, the effect of replacement investments on equity value is negative and increasing in earnings performance; by contrast, the effect of adaptation investments on equity value is positive and decreasing in earnings performance. Further analyses show that asset sales mediate the importance of adaptation investments in determining equity value.