This study attempts to explain the coexistence of different farm lease arrangements in terms of the varying significance of entrepreneurial functions. In India, crop-sharing arrangements are common in areas of relative economic certainty with very little scope for decision making, for example, for product and factor substitution, and where the entrepreneurial profit is low. Fixed-cash rents are common in situations of high uncertainty where the scope for decision making is significant or where the crops are highly profitable. Efficiency considerations predominate in areas of sharecropping, favoring a smaller farm size, whereas, under high uncertainty, large size is favored for reducing risk.

This article extends the classical static theory of the firm to allow for the interaction of the location and output and input decisions. Equilibrium conditions are determined. The comparative static effects of changes in the price and transport cost parameters on the location and quantity variables are deduced.

Ibn Khaldûn was a fourteenth-century thinker who found a large number of economic mechanisms which were rediscovered by modern economists. Also, he used these concepts to build a coherent dynamic system. By quoting Ibn Khaldûn's Muqaddimah, this article tries to explain how Ibn Khaldûn reached economic conclusions and how he organized them into an extremely coherent model.

Recently a study was conducted to determine some of the effects of accounting majors who take courses in their major field of study on the satisfactory-unsatisfactory grading basis. One by-product of the option originally intended to allow students a more free-ranging choice of courses and reduce some of the tensions arising out of the emphasis upon grade averages is that students majoring in accounting are scheduling courses in their major field on the satisfactory-unsatisfactory basis. This may be reducing some of the tensions arising out of emphasis upon grade averages, but it does not seem to encourage students to select courses outside their major academic areas. The study indicates that on average better students in terms of prior academic performance are choosing the satisfactory-unsatisfactory option. On average, these students did not perform as well as those students on the conventional grading system. Also, they did not perform to the full extent of their capabilities indicated by their previous grade-point averages, both overall and in accounting.