Journal Article The Incidence of Payroll Taxes Get access H. Fabian Underbill H. Fabian Underbill University of Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 57, Issue 1, November 1942, Pages 160–162, https://doi.org/10.2307/1881819 Published: 01 November 1942

A business unit is one of the thousands of temporary storage tanks through which capital flows in the circulatory system by which it gives economic life to the nation. The current flood of literature and the numerous disagreements and contradictions with respect to what are accounting principles make one hesitate to attempt another such statement and suspicious of the reception such as attempt may receive. This article will deal only with a skeleton outline of what the author believes to be the more basic accounting principles underlying and, therefore, controlling the operation of the bookkeeping mechanics as a means of discovering and analyzing what appear to be the causes for the existence of a neglected area of accounting valuation. Double entry is based upon the concept of duality of a single business property. This duality is created through the separation of business properties from their actual owners by placing these properties in the possession of a fictitious business entity, which holds and operates such properties under an assumed trust arrangement between the business entity and the legal owners.

Twenty-five years ago the U.S. Council elected the first Board of Examiners of the American Institute of Accountants. The date exactly was September 20, 1916. At that time the Institute was known as the Institute of Accountants in the United States of America and had just become the successor organization to the American Association of Public Accountants and shortly thereafter the name was changed to American Institute of Accountants. At the outset the purpose of the Board was to conduct examinations into the qualifications of applicants for membership in the Institute and that function it continues to exercise. Accordingly, the first rules and regulations of the Board, which were adopted November 13, 1916, related to requirements for membership in the American Institute of Accountants. Uniformity in examinations for the C.P.A. certificate throughout the nation is today nearer the goal which was envisioned back in 1917 than it has ever before been. The examinations for the C.P.A. certificate in the U.S. states continue to be of high caliber and are comparable with the standard examination used by the 46 State and Territorial Boards as prepared by the American Institute.

Journal Article Two Trials to Determine Expectation Models Applicable to Agriculture Get access T. W. Schultz, T. W. Schultz Iowa State College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. H. Brownlee O. H. Brownlee Iowa State College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 56, Issue 3, May 1942, Pages 487–496, https://doi.org/10.2307/1882212 Published: 01 May 1942