Abstract A very large proportion of those students who do their major work in accounting in colleges and universities ultimately find their way into the accounting departments of industrial, commercial and financial concerns. Many others are ultimately engaged in production, sales and financial activities to which accounting and statistical analysis has a close relationship. In successful training of this group there devolves upon instructional staffs, an important responsibility for training not only in accounting principles but also in methods of collection and use of accounting and statistical data for managerial control purposes. With the importance of this phase of accounting instruction in mind, a round-table discussion was organized at the annual meeting of the American Accounting Association in December 1936, at which representatives of numerous schools were asked to make brief statements pertaining to methods used in their institutions. The author emphasizes on internal control in accounting courses.

Abstract The article focuses on accountants' role in determining standards. It has come to a matter of general agreement that one of the primary purposes of accounting is to measure performance and promptly inform management when this performance is such as to merit special consideration. To measure either individual or group performance requires certain standards like collect and analyze statistical data which will be useful to those who must pass judgment on what constitutes good performance. Counsel with various executives upon whom these responsibilities fall. Record the standards set and their continuous revision. Inform those who set standards as to apparent discrepancies or errors. Promptly report variations between the actual performance and the standards, collecting and analyzing all data which tend to explain such variations. Translate the variations between actual and standard performance into such terms as will clearly and forcibly inform both executives and workers as to the ultimate results of such variations. Accumulate a story of individual or group performance in terms of the standards set.

Abstract On September 10, 1929, the special committee of the American Institute of Accountants on definition of earned surplus submitted its report to the Council of the Institute. This report was subsequently sent to all members and associates of the Institute and given somewhat general publicity. Earned surplus is the balance of net profits, income and gains of a corporation from the date of incorporation after deducting losses and after deducting distributions to stockholders and transfers to capital stock accounts when made out of such surplus. Surplus in its broadest sense is the amount of the stockholders' equity in a corporation in excess of that represented by capital-stock accounts. Capital surplus comprises paid-in surplus, donated surplus and revaluation surplus-that is, surplus other than earned surplus. Profits arising from the sale or other disposition of fixed assets or from the resale of the corporation's own capital stock are properly included in earned surplus. Earned surplus is not properly consolidated with capital-stock accounts on the balance-sheet without specific corporate action authorizing such procedure.