This paper estimates a structural model of the solar photovoltaic (PV) installation market using detailed data from an online platform. The model incorporates households' solar installation choices and sellers' strategic bidding. Counterfactual simulations evaluate how equilibrium outcomes respond to changes in market structure and government subsidies, yielding two main results: (1) an increase from one to five bids through the platform reduces gross installation prices by $4,000 (15.5%), and (2) the U.S. Solar Investment Tax Credit increases total surplus on the platform by $1.35 per dollar of subsidy expenditure by mitigating market power and reducing pollution externalities.

Renewable energy and battery storage are seen as complementary technologies that can together facilitate reductions in carbon emissions. We develop and estimate a framework to calculate the equilibrium effects of large‐scale battery storage. Using data from California, we find that the first storage unit breaks even by 2024 without subsidies when the renewable energy share reaches 50%. Equilibrium effects are important: the first 5000 MWh of storage capacity would reduce wholesale electricity prices by 5.6%, but an increase from 25,000 to 50,000 MWh would only reduce these prices by 2.6%. Large‐scale batteries will reduce revenues to both dispatchable generators and renewable energy sources. The equilibrium effects lead battery adoption to be virtually non‐existent until 2030, without a storage mandate or subsidy. A 30% capital cost subsidy—such as the one in the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act—achieves 5000 MWh of battery capacity by 2024, similar to the level required under California's storage mandate.