An Empirical Exploration of Complex Accountability in Public Accounting

We examine the determinants of “audit delay,” the number of calendar days from fiscal year‐end to the audit report date. A descriptive model of audit delay is tested on a sample of 465 companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange from 1977 to 1982. Although several variables included in the model are statistically significant, the proportion of variability in audit delay explained by the variables is low. Descriptive data are presented for variables consistently associated with audit delay over the six‐year period — auditor size, industry classification, existence of extraordinary items, and sign of net income. Some directions for future research are also suggested. Résumé. Les auteurs examinent les déterminants du «délai de vérification», soit le nombre de jours francs qui s'écoulent entre la fin de l'exercice financier et la publication du rapport des vérificateurs. Ils vérifient un modèle descriptif du délai de vérification sur un échantillon de 465 entreprises cotées à la bourse de Toronto, de 1977 à 1982. Bien que plusieurs variables incluses dans le modèle soient statistiquement significatives, la proportion de la variation du délai de vérification expliquée par ces variables est mince. Les auteurs présentent des données descriptives pour les variables associées de façon uniforme au délai de vérification, sur la période de six ans — la taille du cabinet de vérification, la classification du secteur, l'existence de postes extraordinaires et le caractère positif ou négatif du résultat net. Ils suggèrent également certaines pistes de recherche à envisager.

Auditing, Subject-to opinion, Canada, Risk assessment

Popular arguments in the management literature advocate the implementation congruity and complementarity of zero-base budgeting (ZBB) with an established management-by-objectives (MBO) system. The present study examined management perceptions on 28 ZBB implementation variables for MBO users and non-MBO users which were gathered from 153 managers at two hierarchical levels within a single private sector organization. Results from both univariate and multivariate tests indicate that ZBB implementation was not facilitated by the existence of an MBO system for either lower level management or for upper level management. The evidence obtained here strongly suggests that the purported conventional rationale underlying ZBB coupling with an extant MBO system is seriously defective; ZBB design implementation issues need to be thoroughly re-assessed, with the emphasis on matching compatible systemic properties between information sub-systems.