Using a large sample of block acquisitions, this paper examines the governance role of customers that acquire block ownership in supplier shares. We find that compared to targets acquired by noncustomers, those acquired by customers experience higher abnormal announcement returns, larger increases in post-acquisition long-term operating performance, and higher non-routine turnover of poorly performing CEOs. These results are evident when target managerial agency problems are highly detrimental to the supplier–customer relationship. The results support the view that customers’ nonfinancial claims in targets provide customers strong incentives to monitor target managers above and beyond previously documented monitoring by large shareholders.

We examine two competing views regarding the impact of competition among credit rating agencies on rating quality: the view that rating agencies do not sacrifice their reputation by inflating firm ratings, and the view that competition among rating agencies arising from the conflict of interest inherent in an “issuer pay” model creates pressure to inflate ratings. Using Fitch’s market share as a measure of competition among rating agencies and controlling for the endogeneity problem caused by unobservable industry effects, we find no relation between Fitch’s market share and ratings, suggesting that competition does not lead to rating inflation.