Journal Article Thomas Joplin and the Theory of Interest Get access Ronald L. Meek Ronald L. Meek Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 18, Issue 3, 1950, Pages 154–163, https://doi.org/10.2307/2295975 Published: 01 September 1950

Journal Article Three Versions of the Φ-Surface : Some Notes for a Comparison Get access G. L. S. Shackle G. L. S. Shackle Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 18, Issue 2, 1950, Pages 119–122, https://doi.org/10.2307/2295800 Published: 01 April 1950

I. Point of view, basic assumption, and source of data, 15. — II. Determination of average corporation tax rate, 20. — III. Rate of individual income tax, 22; (a) six broad categories, 23; (b) size classification, 24; (c) representativeness of the average taxpayer, 24; (d) average total income of a class, 27; (e) rates of tax on total income, 27; (f) rates on corporate net income, 32. — IV. Certain policy implications, 35; (a) two factors causing inequity, 36; (6) exploitation of stockholders having low net incomes, 40; (c) complete cure of inequity, realized-income basis, 43; (d) the taxation of income not realized by stockholders, 47; (e) taxing stockholders as partners, 50; (f) partial cures of inequity, 53.

Abstract Reviews the book "The Statistical Agencies of the Federal Government—A Report to the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government," by Frederick C. Mills and Clarence D. Long.

Abstract Reviews the book "American Transportation in Prosperity and Depression."

Abstract During periods of comparatively stable prices, it is possible that the advantages of the standard pricing plan for materials, in terms of ease of costing, would outweigh the loss of a more current cost obtainable by a replacement cost method of pricing. However, if standard costs are utilized during a year of sharply rising or sharply declining prices, cost of materials used and sales will not be stated in terms of dollars of equivalent purchasing power. Cost, from a current cost standpoint, may be at variance with standard costs. It is probable that the advantage of having the replacement cost of goods at standard quantity usage both in the finished goods account and the cost of sales account would transcend the loss of keeping these accounts completely at standard cost. From the point of view of comparing cost of sales and profits, either on a product or period basis, ratios of cost to sales and profits to sales would be more readily comparable, since costs and sales will be expressed approximately in terms of dollars of the same purchasing power.

Abstract Standard cost accounting began as a specialized branch of accounting, in a large degree divorced from the main roots, the general accounts. Gradually, over the years, accountants have endeavored to utilize the benefits of standard costing within the traditional debit-credit system. In the process of integrating this new tool with the methods and aims of financial and cost accounting, the attempt has been to retain the aims originally set forth for standard costing and the aims originally established for financial accounting, unchanged, on a parallel or complementary footing. The principal goal of this paper is to place standard cost accounting, its aims and methods, in proper perspective within the scheme of accounts. The attempt is to show how maximum benefits from standard costing may be achieved by a process of integration with financial accounting, an integration particularly of aims. A further goal is to indicate the usefulness of standard costing to the newly accepted objective of cost accountants, the accomplishment of special cost studies.

Abstract Reviews the book "Standardised Audit Working Papers," by Frederick Staples.