I. Gasoline prices and profits, 636. — II. Dominant position of Standard companies, 638. — Interlocking stock, 639. — Price inequalities, 640. — Dissolution not effective, 641. — III. Remedies proposed, 642. — Prohibition of interlocking stockownership, 643. — Segregation of pipe lines, 645. — Publicity of statistics, 646. — Standardization of product, 647. — IV. Prices and joint cost, 648. — Methods of computing cost, 648. — Dangers from joint cost, 652. — Reasonable price, 653.

Introductory: Pigou's theory of joint cost, 233. — I. Joint cost defined and analyzed. (1) Different utilities. Difference in utility capacity, 234; in market, 236. — Difference in utility means difference in assigning costs, hence discrimination, 236. — Difference in market may make joint expense in case of single commodities, 237. — (2) Necessity of common dependence on same expense. Physical v. economic necessity, 238. — Primary and secondary jointness, 239. — Mixed primary and secondary jointness, 240. — Wide range of necessary joint production, 241. — (3) No direct relation between expense and output, 242. — Constant and variable joint expenses, 243. — Vahdity of this distinction; overworked marginal analysis, 243. — II. Conclusions: (a) Complexity of the joint-cost concept, 245. — (b) Expediency of broad definition, 246. — (c) Relation between joint cost and monopoly as causes of discrimination, 247. — Suggestions for rate regulation, 249.

I. "Public point of view" v. "social point of view, " 293. — II. Value and the social point of view, 294. — Relativity of value, 296. — Relation to exchange, 297. — Determination of value, 299. — Market v. normal value, 303. — Elasticity of demand, 305. — III. Wealth and the social point of view, 306. — The definition of wealth, 308. — IV. Production and capital from the social point of view, 310. — The individualist's concept of production, 311. — False assumptions concerning society, 312. — The "entrepreneur viewpoint, " 314. — The technological basis of production, 316. — V. The scientific character of the social-individual point of view, 319.

I. Importance of the distinction between individual and social points of view, 115. — II. General meaning of the social point of view, 121. — 1. What is society? 121. — (1) Social-contract theory, 122. — (2) Social-organism theory, 123. — (3) Common-consciousness theory, 126. — (4) Conscious-commonness theory, 128. — 2. The application of the concept of society, 132. — (1) Society as a whole, 133. — (2) The social individual, 133. — III. The special meaning of the social point of view in economics, 136.

I. The “alternative use” idea, 119. — A value or price notion, 120. — Assumes distinct land-use groups and margins, 121. — II. Its alternative-utility aspect, 121. — Not significant as a long-time factor, 122. — Limited significance as a short-time factor, 123. — Classification of land utilities, 124. — III. The alternative-supply aspect, 126. — Limitations, general and particular, 126. — Costs, 127. — Return to value view-point and net utility, 128. — Effect of unequal wealth distribution, 129. — IV. The relation of “alternative uses” to rent, 130. — Not causal or determinative, 130. — Some practical considerations, 131. — V. Mill's treatment of “scarcity value” and rent, 132. — Overlooks the significance of the intensive margin, 135. — Loose use of terms, 137.