In writing this paper I benefited greatly from information provided by visiting scholars (at Berkeley) from the Soviet Union, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Yugoslavia. To them, and to the following friends and colleagues, I am deeply indebted not only for stimulating discussions and research cooperation but also for observations based on personal experience-particularly on issues of fundamental disagreement: Carlo M. Cipolla, Gerard Debreu, Howard S. Ellis, Oldrich Kyn, Abba P. Lerner, Mark Perlman, Richard Roehl, and Benjamin Ward.

Loss aversion is one of the most widely used concepts in behavioral economics. We conduct a large-scale, interdisciplinary meta-analysis to systematically accumulate knowledge from numerous empirical estimates of the loss aversion coefficient reported from 1992 to 2017. We examine 607 empirical estimates of loss aversion from 150 articles in economics, psychology, neuroscience, and several other disciplines. Our analysis indicates that the mean loss aversion coefficient is 1.955 with a 95 percent probability that the true value falls in the interval [1.820, 2.102]. We record several observable characteristics of the study designs. Few characteristics are substantially correlated with differences in the mean estimates. (JEL D81, D91)