Franklin M. Fisher, Robert M. Solow, James M. Kearl; Aggregate Production Functions: Some CES Experiments, The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 44, Issue

Journal Article Comments on a Probabilistic Model of Social Choice Get access P. M. Rice P. M. Rice University of Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 44, Issue 1, February 1977, Pages 187–188, https://doi.org/10.2307/2296984 Published: 01 February 1977 Article history Received: 01 March 1974 Accepted: 01 December 1975 Published: 01 February 1977

A wide variety of economic models include as explanatory variables either expectational variables or variables representing the result of some decision-making process. The first category includes both expectations about the future values of variables, e.g., next period's sales, the level of unemployment two quarters ahead, etc. and other subjective variables such as permanent income or the "normal" level of prices and interest rates. Examples of the second type are "desired" capital stock, planned production, or inventory accumulation, and so on.

[This paper estimates all possible multidimensional interaction effects in a logit model of homeownership, assesses the relative importance of these interactions, and interprets the results in light of existing theories of housing consumption.]

THE quantitative analysis of some economic effects of changes in exchange rates of the world's key currencies has been the subject of a few recent empirical studies,1 inspired presumably by the greater flexibility in currency exchange rates among developed countries that was initiated in the early part of this decade. Relatively large-scale equation systems are employed that take into account the simultaneous interaction among prices, incomes and spending in the economy usually divided into a number of developed countries and a Crest of the world category, the latter subsuming the less developed countries (LDCs). In the context of a small LDC, however, the complexity of the problem is somewhat reduced by the exogeneity of export and import prices (expressed in foreign currency) and the market concentration of LDC foreign trade typically in only a few developed countries. The Philippines is a case in point, about three-fourths of its trade flows throughout most of the post-war period being accounted for by Japan and the United States; moreover, certain principal trade commodities are dependent to a significant degree on only one or two dominant markets. Currency realignments involving these two countries, as exemplified by the 1971 Smithsonian Agreement, represent, therefore, a new form of external economic disturbance which may have significant repercussions on the country's balance of payments, output growth, income distribution and other policy objective variables. In this paper we attempt an evaluation of the direct effects on Philippine merchandise trade of the 1971 realignment of major currencies and the Central Bank decision to keep the exchange rate of the domestic currency (peso) fixed with respect to the U.S. dollar. First, a simplified framework of analysis is presented that identifies the parameters to be estimated for a quantitative assessment of the trade effects. We then estimate export supply and import demand functions for various trade commodities using annual data in the postwar period. The price coefficient estimates, together with the geographic distribution of Philippine trade flows in 1970, provide the empirical basis for examining the quantitative effects on Philippine merchandise trade of the altered sets of peso export and import prices attributable to the 1971 exchange rate changes.

Stable distributions are becoming increasingly popular as appropriate models for stock price changes and other economic phenomena. As a result, there is an expanding body of literature on inferential procedures for this family of distributions. Computationally simple estimators for the parameters of symmetric stable distributions have been provided by Fama and Roll. Little attention, though, has been given to goodness-of-fit tests for members of this family other than the normal.It is the purpose of this paper to discuss simple goodness-of-fit hypothesis tests using kurtosis, b2, to distinguish among members of the stable family. The b2 tests of hypothesis comprise: 1) a null normal versus a nonnormal symmetric stable alternative; 2) a null nonnormal symmetric stable versus a normal alternative; and 3) a null nonnormal stable versus another nonnormal stable alternative. Tables that give the percentage points of b2 and that are necessary for these tests of hypothesis are given. Apart from providing critical values for the tests, the tables allow the researcher to calculate the power. It will be seen that the b2 test exhibits excellent power.It is then hoped that computational convenience will make b2 an important tool for researchers and practitioners in finance. It is also hoped that the procedures we provide will aid these researchers and practitioners in the construction of appropriate financial models.

In recent years intensive work has been done applying the Sharpe-Lintner-Mossin Capital Asset Pricing Model to the multiperiod investment decision under uncertainty. The purpose of this paper is to develop a practical working procedure for use by the financial manager. We first develop the multiperiod capital budgeting decision criterion in a form that lends itself to application. Second, we propose a method of implementation, one that we have made operational in computer programs currently on the Columbia University computer system. This makes it possible to extend the evaluation to encompass typical capital budgeting problems which, until now, have been discussed only under certainty. In particular we deal with the case of capital rationing. We employ programming techniques for this analysis and interpret the meanings of the dual variables.

This paper explores a new approach to the Nash bargaining problem in which the axiom of symmetry is dropped and it is assumed that the final allocation depends on both the status quo and the threat point. The resulting final allocation, unlike that formalized by Nash, cannot be represented by a simple analytic expression; rather, it leads to a whole class of solutions. Properties of the final allocation are analyzed. It is shown that for every initial allocation there exists a Nash fiber, corresponding to the Nash allocation, that it is possible to determine the sign of the derivatives of the final allocation with respect to changes in the threat point, and that a Slutsky-like equation relates these derivatives to the derivatives with respect to the initial allocation. It is also shown that, under certaiia conditions, as play is repeated the final allocation asymptotically converges to the Nash allocation.

Journal Article Risk Sharing, Sharecropping and Uncertain Labour Markets Get access David M. G. Newbery David M. G. Newbery Churchill College, Cambridge, and Stanford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 44, Issue 3, October 1977, Pages 585–594, https://doi.org/10.2307/2296910 Published: 01 October 1977 Article history Received: 01 May 1974 Accepted: 01 December 1976 Published: 01 October 1977

[The sets of local demand functions which would generate either linear or nonlinear schedules in a heterogenous as well as homogeneous space economy are determined by iterative applications of the separation of variables technique for solving differential equations. Nonlinear delivered price schedules which reflect profit maximization objectives are thereby identifiable. In turn, these schedules can be distinguished from those which involve strictly predatory price behavior.]