The production of castings recently changed from primitive methods by the introduction of molding machines, 278. — Skilled journeymen at first indifferent, 281. — Laborers were used for operation of the machines, 283. — Subsequent change in policy of Molders' Union, 286. — Skilled men on the machines not successful, 287. — The Union and the National Founders' Association unable to make satisfactory terms, 290. — After cessation of negotiations Founders continued to introduce unskilled labor with success, 297. — The Union modified its membership policy to take care of unskilled workmen, 304.

The National Founders' Association is typical of those American employers' associations which advocate the open shop, 353. — Development of the policy of the Association, 354. — Methods of defending members against the demands of the Union, 357. — Administration of the defense system, 364. — Classification of membership in the Association, 370. — Requirements for admission, 372. — Government and financial system, 377. — Constructive activities, 383.