This paper considers a model of earnings over time which incorporates individual effects and time effects without assuming that these effects are orthogonal to the variable of primary interest. The central coefficient is the effect of participation in a Manpower Development and Training Act training program on the earnings of trainees. Since the training status of (some) individuals in the sample changes during the period of the sample, both pre- and posttraining contrasts and trainee-nontrainee contrasts in earnings can be made. An estimate of the cross-section bias in a training coefficient can be made directly. The extent of the analogous bias in the education coefficient in regression studies is a point of current debate. The cross-section bias in the sample analyzed is large, and the estimated effect of training is small and positive.

This paper considers wage-hours contracts in the context of a jobsearch model. The response of a risk-averse worker to a wage translation of the offer distribution is examined. A robust example illustrates that some "natural" results need not hold.

This paper proposes a simple, new diagnostic indicating the presence of uncorrected heterogeneity in exponential models of duration. The use of the diagnostic is illustrated in an example dealing with unemployment duration in the DIME data. The diagnostic is seen to supplement the information on the fit given by the maximized likelihood value.

Journal Article A Note on Regime Classification in Disequilibrium Models Get access Nicholas M. Kiefer Nicholas M. Kiefer University of Chicago and CORE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 47, Issue 3, April 1980, Pages 637–639, https://doi.org/10.2307/2297314 Published: 01 April 1980 Article history Received: 01 December 1978 Accepted: 01 May 1979 Published: 01 April 1980

This paper provides an empirically tractable version of a job-search model. The model is estimated using data on a sample of workers who were laid off when their plants closed. A generalization of the empirical model which allows for reservation wages to change over duration of unemployment is provided and estimated. Reservation wages are found to decline significantly with duration. Applications of the model and the estimates to explain diverse labor market phenomena are provided.

[The efficiency gain from observing the sample classification in a disequilibrium or switching model is analyzed. The problem is set up as one of comparing the precisions of estimates based on a joint density with those based on a marginal density. Asymptotic results are obtained for a simple model.]

[An efficient estimator for regressions in which the parameter vector can take any of several values is devised. It is shown that although the likelihood function is unbounded, the likelihood equations have a consistent root. An initial consistent estimator is provided. One Newton step provides efficient estimates. Applications to nonlinear models and contaminated normal models are suggested.]

Using the model structure of Easley and O'Hara (Journal of Finance, 47, 577–604), we demonstrate how the parameters of the market-maker's beliefs can be estimated from trade data. We show how to extract information from both trade and no-trade intervals, and how intraday and interday data provide information. We derive and evaluate tests of model specification and estimate the information content of differential trade sizes. Our work provides a framework for testing extant microstructure models, shows how to extract the information contained in the trading process, and demonstrates the empirical importance of asymmetric information models for asset prices.