Significance of the problem, 246. — Opposition in elections relatively infrequent, 248. — No relation between opposition and method of election, 251. — The International Typographical Union: sub-lists, 253; the Brotherhood of the Union of North America, 255; the Wahnetas, 257; the Progressive Party, 258; election campaigns, 259; reasons for political divisions, 262.— Conclusions, 263.