A considerable amount of scholarly attention has been focused on the area of banking structure. There have been a number of studies of banking costs under differing market structures, with the goal of defining an economically “optimal” banking structure. A second major body of research has been directed at identifying the impact of given market structures on performance variables. Finally, a third group of analyses has sought an explanation of the process by which a specific structural phenomenon in banking develops and matures. It is within this third broad category of banking structure research that the results reported in this paper may be classified.

Comments on the article "Socio-Economic Accounting and External Diseconomies," by Ralph W. Estes, published in an earlier issue of the journal "The Accounting Review." Requirement of a Pareto optimal allocation of resources; Need to develop the necessary methodology and a consistent set of standards which may be applied more or less uniformly in the measurement of social costs; Fact that ignoring social benefits may actually result in a less efficient allocation of resources than existed when social costs were disregarded.

R. Charles Moyer, Robert E. Chatfield, Phillip M. Sisneros, Security Analyst Monitoring Activity: Agency Costs and Information Demands, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 24, No. 4 (Dec., 1989), pp. 503-512

Part I: INTRODUCTION. 1. The Role and Objective of Financial Management. 2. The Domestic and International Financial Marketplace. 3. Evaluation of Financial Performance. 4. Financial Planning and Forecasting. Part II: DETERMINANTS OF VALUATION. 5. The Time Value of Money. 6. Fixed Income Securities: Characteristics and Valuation. 7. Common Stock: Characteristics, Valuation, and Issuance. 8. Analysis of Risk and Return. Part III: THE CAPITAL INVESTMENT DECISION. 9. Capital Budgeting and Cash Flow Analysis. 10. Capital Budgeting: Decision Criteria and Real Option Considerations. 11. Capital Budgeting and Risk. Part IV: THE COST OF CAPITAL, CAPITAL STRUCTURE, AND DIVIDEND POLICY. 12. The Cost of Capital. 13. Capital Structure Concepts. 14. Capital Structure Management in Practice. 15. Dividend Policy. Part V: WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT. 16. Working Capital Policy and Short-Term Financing. 17. The Management of Cash and Marketable Securities. 18. The Management of Accounts Receivable and Inventories. Part VI: ADDITIONAL TOPICS IN CONTEMPORARY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT. 19. LEASE AND INTERMEDIATE-TERM FINANCING. 20. Financing with Derivatives. 21. Risk Management. 22. International Financial Management. 23. Corporate Restructuring. Appendix 2A: Taxes. Appendix 5A: Continuous Compounding and Discounting. Appendix 9A: Depreciation. Appendix 10A: Mutually Exclusive Investments Having Unequal Lives. Appendix 14A: Breakeven Analysis. Appendix 20A: The Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. Appendix 20B: Bond Refunding Analysis.