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La comptabilité ‐ “une des plus belles inventions de l'homme”
Résumé. La comptabilité peut rendre de grands services aux secteurs commercial et financier. Toutefois, on n'en connaîtra pleinement le pouvoir que lorsque ses éléments ne seront plus considérés séparément. Plusieurs personnes ont consacré leur temps à l'enseignement, à la pratique, à la recherche et à l'invention. Cependant le coût du temps et des efforts a été vain puisqu'il subsiste toujours des doutes, des différents et de la confusion. Une meilleure perspective à notre portée pointe à l'horizon. Si les praticiens, les chercheurs et les enseignants se concertaient pour reconnaître l'existence d'une ligne de pensée commune à tous selon laquelle certains objets se vendent et s'achètent, la comptabilité pourrait alors assumer le rôle auquel elle est destinée.
Accounting ‐ “one of the finest inventions of the human spirit”*
To commerce and to finance there can be great service given by accountancy. Its power, though, will not be fully known while bits and pieces stand apart, alone. To teach, to practise, to research, invent, is how the time of many has been spent. But cost of time and effort has been vain; for doubt, dispute, confusion still remain. A better prospect far there is in reach. If those who practise and research and teach were disciplined in such a way that each acknowledged that a common course of thought relates, for all men, to things sold and bought ‐ Accounting, then, might do the job it ought.
Pursuit of an ideal*
My paper was prompted by deviations in the state of the art of accounting from ideals espoused by individual accountants and professional bodies. Professor Benston's defense or advocacy of traditional practice disregards those deviations. He disregards the facts that up‐to‐date prices alone provide serviceable data for the calculation of solvency, debt to equity and asset composition ratios and rates of return, and that only money equivalents or resale prices of assets at a given date can properly be added to derive the asset components of those ratios. Benston contends that traditional accounting may be upheld against exit price accounting on the grounds of its transactions basis, of its longevity, of its cost‐benefit relationship, and of its free and willing acceptance by managers and other parties. There are serious defects in each of these lines of argument; and other critical observations on the use of selling price valuations will not withstand scrutiny. Only the acknowledgment of the flaws in present practice and the pursuit of ideals avowed by the profession will rid its practice of absurdities. Résumé. Les déviations de la pratique comptable par rapport aux idéaux visés par des comptables individuels et par des organismes professionnels m'ont incité à écrire mon article. La défense ou le plaidoyer du professeur Benston en faveur de la pratique traditionnelle ne tient pas compte de ces déviations. Il néglige le fait selon lequel seuls les prix actuels fournissent des données utiles pour calculer la solvabilité, les ratios d'endettement et de composition de l'actif et les taux de rendement; il ne tient pas compte non plus du fait qu'on peut additionner seulement les équivalents monétaires ou les prix de revente des actifs à une date précise pour obtenir les éléments d'actifs de ces ratios. Benston prétend que la comptabilité traditionnelle peut se protéger contre la comptabilité des prix de sortie courants du fait qu'elle s'appuie sur des opérations, du fait de sa longévité, de son rapport coûts‐avantages et de l'appui que lui accordent les gestionnaires et les autres parties. Chacun de ces raisonnements contient de sérieuses lacunes; de plus, d'autres observations critiques sur l'utilisation des évaluations au prix de vente ne résisteront pas à un examen minutieux. La pratique comptable ne sera débarassée de ses absurdités que si on reconnaît ses défauts actuels et que si on poursuit les idéaux que s'est fixée la profession.
Trial-and Error: A Reply
Book review
Income and Capital: Fisher's Legacy
Book review, Fisher model, Capital, Income
Price Variation Accounting-An Improved Representation
Price variation accounting, Price-level adjusted accountings, Net income, Time value of money
Accounting and Analytical Methods: A Review Article
level, the generalizations which emerge will have correspondingly great power as principles, predictors, or guides. The task is by no means simple, and Mattessich properly disclaims belief in the perfection of the result (p. 32). First of all, some comments on generality. Although he seeks to formulate the assumptions in the most general terms, all the illustrative and explanatory comment on the assumptions, with one or two minor exceptions, has reference to business entities. It would have been of interest to have some illustration of the counterparts of the examples given, or specific examples of the interpretation to be given to the assumptions and their component terms, in the case of service organizations and economies as wholes. One may well suspect that the absence of illustration is evidence that, after all, private accounting and national accounting may not be considered as of the same class. The generality of the statements of the assumptions is indicated in each case by the formula exists.. . or some equivalent indicative. Thus, the assumption of monetary values reads: There exists a set of additive values, expressed in a monetary unit; this set is isomorphic to the system of (positive and negative) integers plus the number zero (p. 32). And to take an example of the class of assumptions which are described as place-holders: There exists a set of hypotheses determining the value assigned to an accounting transaction (p. 42). A system built up on such pure postulates escapes many of the difficulties which arise if the postulates are to be tied to statements of function. A hypothesis is itself functional; we formulate hypotheses to serve our ends. It seems This content downloaded from 207.46.13.131 on Sun, 16 Oct 2016 05:11:45 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Measurement in Accounting
Accounting Measurement, Accounting timeliness
The Price Level Problem and Some Intellectual Grooves
Price-level adjusted accounting problem, Accounting