Abstract Reviews the book "Standardised Audit Working Papers," by Frederick Staples.

Abstract Accounting is essentially a technical subject. It accumulates, verifies, presents and interprets financial information about operations and properties for business enterprise or about financial activities and resources for government and nonprofit organizations. It deals also with the means and methods of controlling the receipt, possession and disposition of properties to establish personal responsibility, to reduce the possibility of errors and to minimize the opportunity for fraud. Certain phases of accounting study give the student some knowledge of business operations, of the importance of the profit system in an economic society, and of the need for financial information by management, owners, creditors, government, employees and the general public. Accounting courses too frequently do not meet the needs for social, personal and supplementary training in accounting. These needs cannot adequately be met by the content of the usual elementary accounting courses. Not all students can be, nor should they be, fitted into an all-purpose curriculum. Provision should be made for one or more accounting courses especially designed for these purposes.

Abstract Almost all the states at present require examination in the subjects of accounting theory, accounting practice, auditing, and law. In some states separate examinations are given in each subject. In many others accounting theory and practice are combined as one for grading purposes even though the examination is given in two parts. In still other states, subject matter from all these fields is included in the examination given, although not separately listed in the same four divisions. A few states give examinations in these subjects and additional examinations in other subjects. Since forty-six of the fifty-two states and territories use the American Institute of Accountants' examination questions, it may be said that the stated objective with reference to subject matter is now substantially reached. Laws and regulations, however, do not reveal the extent to which uniformity actually exists. Reference to the four general subjects is made either by law or regulation (mainly in the law itself) in forty-six states. Many refer to the combination of accounting theory and practice as one subject; a few refer to the use of American Institute examination questions; some list the four major subjects and also state that other subjects will be covered if deemed necessary or desirable by the board.

Reviews the book "Cost Accounting," 3rd ed., by John G. Blocker and W. Keith Welmar.

Abstract Reviews the book "Accountant's Working Papers," by Leslie E. Palmer and William H. Bell.

Abstract Reviews the book "Mathematics of Business and Accounting," by Kenneth L. Treffzs and E.J. Hills.

Abstract Several forms of reconciliation schedule are in general usage. One begins with the balance per bank statement. Reconciling items are then added or subtracted until the final figure equals the balance per check stub. Another form begins with the balance per check stub and ends with the balance per bank statement. A third form shows the difference between the balance per bank statement and the balance per check stub. Then reconciling items are offset one against another until the difference is fully accounted for. A fourth form shows all items related to the records of the bookkeeper for the business in one section and all items related to the records of the bookkeeper for the bank in another section. The reconciling items are added and deducted in their proper sections and the final balances are shown to be in agreement. This is the divided form of reconciliation schedule. In preparing some of the reconciliation forms, students occasionally resort to mal and error methods to secure an agreement. They then find it necessary to search their reconciling items to locate those which require journalization to adjust the bank account balance in their records.