Mr. Keynes and Mr. Marx S. S. Alexander S. S. Alexander Cambridge, Mass. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 7, Issue 2, February 1940, Pages 123–135, https://doi.org/10.2307/2967475 Published: 01 February 1940

I. Introduction, 597. — II. The underlying metaphysics, 600. — III. A notional mechanism for social evaluation, 603. — IV. The theory is utilitarian, 606. — V. The conflation problem, 609. — VI. Specification of the good, 618. — VII. Pluralism in welfare standards, 621.

Introduction: The theory of the accelerator to date, 174. — How steady growth is generated, 176. — Influence of the investment period, 180. — Influence of the income period, 181. — A more general case, 182. — Qualifications, 186. — Price as a stabilizer, 188. — Appendix, 193.

STUDIES based principally on aggregations of income tax returns or SEC registration statements have established the pattern of variation of the average rate of corporate profit according to size of corporation.' It is proposed in this paper to review and interpret the evidence of these aggregations and to explore the additional information that may be obtained from study of the entire distribution of the rates of return, rather than of averages alone. The effect of a tendency of profitable corporations to conceal profits by paying large salaries to management will also be investigated. From this investigation we may conclude that small corporations have greater variability of profits than do large, in two different senses. For any given year the dispersion of profit rate is much greater among small corporations than among large. From bad times to good the profit rates of small and medium sized corporations fluctuate more than do those of large ones. Finally, the small corporations probably misclassify a greater part of their profits as salaries of management, than do large corporations. As a consequence the generalization that might have been inferred from the experience of the thirties, that small corporations earn lower rates of return than do large corporations, is not very reliable, even for the year I937. VARIATION OF AVERAGE RATE OF RETURN WITH SIZE

John S. Hodgson, Alexander B. Holmes, Structural Stability of International Capital Mobility: An Analysis of Short-Term U.S.-Canadian Bank Claims, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 59, No. 4 (Nov., 1977), pp. 465-473

Value at risk (VaR) and conditional value at risk (CVaR) are frequently used as risk measures in risk management. Compared to VaR, CVaR is attractive since it is a coherent risk measure. We analyze the problem of computing the optimal VaR and CVaR portfolios. We illustrate that VaR and CVaR minimization problems for derivatives portfolios are typically ill-posed. We propose to include cost as an additional preference criterion for the CVaR optimization problem. We demonstrate that, with the addition of a proportional cost, it is possible to compute an optimal CVaR derivative investment portfolio with significantly fewer instruments and comparable CVaR and VaR. A computational method based on a smoothing technique is proposed to solve a simulation based CVaR optimization problem efficiently. Comparison is made with the linear programming approach for solving the simulation based CVaR optimization problem.

We construct and run an experiment to test the most basic choice effect predicted by salience theory. Subjects allocate wealth between a risky and a safe investment. While we vary an apparent payoff ratio to influence salience, treatments have economically equivalent consequences. Most other theories of behavior then predict zero effect. Our experimental findings are strongly consistent with the behavioral implication of a continuous version of salience theory. We provide a novel structural estimate on the strength of salience. In our setting, increasing the relative payoff contrast by 1% is equivalent to an increased odds ratio by about 0.4%.