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The Value of Voting Rights to Majority Shareholders: Evidence from Dual-Class Stock Unifications

Review of Financial Studies 2004 17(4), 1167-1184
We study 84 dual-class stock unifications, where superior vote shareholders gave up their superior voting status (all firm stocks became "one share one vote") and received (in most cases) compensation in the form of additional shares. Unifications are essentially intrafirm transactions of voting rights, and afford observation of the intrafirm-assessed price of vote. The price of vote in unifications (1) increases with the percentage vote lost by the majority shareholders, (2) is higher in family-controlled firms, (3) decreases with institutional investor holdings, and (4) is similar to the "outside" price of vote implicit in the market prices of stocks.

The Value of Voting Rights to Majority Shareholders: Evidence from Dual-Class Stock Unifications

Review of Financial Studies 2004 17(4), 1167-1184 open access
We study transactions of voting rights. In our sample of 67 dual class unifications superior vote shareholders give up their superior voting status (all firm stocks become "one share one vote"), and receive (in most cases) compensation in the form of additional stocks. Based on the compensation granted, the median price of 1% of the vote is about 0.1% of firm's equity. More interestingly, the price of vote decreases with institutional holdings, and increases with the percentage vote lost by the majority shareholders. The position and interests of the majority holders appear as the main determinants of the price of vote. * School of Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel, and Chief Economist, Israel Securities Authority, Jerusalem 95464, Israel. ** Corresponding Author: The Anderson School at UCLA, 110 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA; and School of Business Administration, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel. Fax: 310-2065455; e-mail: ...