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Negative Value Added and the Theory of Effective Protection

Stephen E. Guisinger
Quarterly Journal of Economics 1969 83(3), 415 open access
I. Introduction, 415. — II. An analytical interpretation of negative value added, 425. — III. Negative value added and nonzero elasticity of substitution, 427. — IV. The measurement of effective protection when value added is negative, 430. — V. Conclusion, 432.