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THE USE OF PROJECTED VISUAL AIDS IN THE TEACHING OF COST ACCOUNTING.

The Accounting Review 1952 27(1), 94-99
The projected materials can be of great aid to the cost accounting teacher in motivating the students to learn and in making the learning process a meaningful one by presenting to the students in a dramatic way the manufacturing processes to which cost accounting is applied. They speed up the presentation of materials which would otherwise be laboriously placed on the blackboard, or omitted altogether. Projected materials are not a substitute for the teacher or the text but an aid to the teacher. In most accounting courses, the materials are not readily available but must be created. The teacher must then learn to use these aids most effectively. Assignment schedules may need to be adjusted, and daily classroom sequences may need to be rearranged. The teacher will have to work more rather than less. But the work is a pleasure, for it is creative, and the reward is the goal of all teachers-comprehensive, meaningful learning by the students.

ONE APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF COMMUNICATING ACCOUNTING INFORMATION.

The Accounting Review 1951 26(3), 395-399
This article focuses on the problem of communicating accounting information. The transmission of the information accumulated and condensed in the ledger accounts has always been a problem. Decision must be made as to the basic types of information to be included in the reports, the extent of the detail or condensation of the information, the classification of the information, the form and arrangement of the information in reports, and the terminology to be used. Since the general public is not well grounded in accounting matters, the accountant is faced with the task of making the reports intelligible. This is difficult as the accountant uses so many words in a technical sense which are already in general usage with various shades of meaning. The layman, when he sees a report in which familiar terms are used; will quite naturally believe that he understands the report. A variation of the above approach to making statements more intelligible is to use pictures, charts, and diagrams to supplement or as a substitute for the technical terms. Pictures of the various assets may be placed on the balance sheet; bars representing the total income may be segmentized to show the various expenses and the net profit; the profit retained in the business, paid to stockholders, and paid to the government in the form of income taxes may be illustrated by a pie chart; and trends in income, expenses and profits may be shown by charts.