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American Economic Review Vol. 93 No. 5 2003

Price Ceilings as Focal Points for Tacit Collusion: Evidence from Credit Cards

Christopher R. Knittel1; Victor Stango2

1 Department of Economics, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616. · 2 Emerging Payments Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, 230 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, IL 60604.

Abstract

We test whether a nonbinding price ceiling may serve as a focal point for tacit collusion, using data from the credit card market during the 1980’s. Our empirical model can distinguish instances when firms match a binding ceiling from instances when firms tacitly collude at a nonbinding ceiling. The results suggest that tacit collusion at nonbinding state-level ceilings was prevalent during the early 1980’s, but that national integration of the market reduced the sustainability of tacit collusion by the end of the decade. The results highlight a perverse effect of price regulation.

DOI
10.1257/000282803322655509
Volume
93
Issue
5
Pages
1703-1729
Language
en
Sources
bibtex:phds-export.bib crossref openalex

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