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Journal of Financial Economics Vol. 155 2024

In-sample and out-of-sample Sharpe ratios of multi-factor asset pricing models

Raymond Kan1; Xiaolu Wang2; Xinghua Zheng3

1 University of Toronto · 2 Iowa State University · 3 Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Abstract

Using available return data, many multi-factor asset pricing models present impressive in-sample Sharpe ratios, significantly surpassing that of the market portfolio. Such a performance, however, contradicts the conventional wisdom in finance. Investors cannot realistically attain the in-sample Sharpe ratios. They obtain the out-of-sample Sharpe ratios, which are significantly lower. Estimation risk is one reason for this performance deterioration. We theoretically study the effect of estimation risk by obtaining the exact distributions of in-sample and out-of-sample Sharpe ratios, and argue that such effect needs to be considered in model comparisons.

DOI
10.1016/j.jfineco.2024.103837
Volume
155
Pages
103837
Language
en
Sources
bibtex:phds-export.bib openalex crossref

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