Journal of Political Economy Vol. 129 No. 12 2021
Forecast Hedging and Calibration
Abstract
Calibration means that forecasts and average realized frequencies are close. We develop the concept of forecast hedging, which consists of choosing the forecasts so as to guarantee that the expected track record can only improve. This yields all the calibration results by the same simple basic argument while differentiating between them by the forecast-hedging tools used: deterministic and fixed point based versus stochastic and minimax based. Additional contributions are an improved definition of continuous calibration, ensuing game dynamics that yield Nash equilibria in the long run, and a new calibrated forecasting procedure for binary events that is simpler than all known such procedures.
- DOI
- 10.1086/716559
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3447-3490
- Language
- en
- Sources
- bibtex:phds-export.bib openalex crossref