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Journal of Finance Vol. 80 No. 1 2025

Sending Out an SMS: Automatic Enrollment Experiments for Overdraft Alerts

Michael D. Grubb1; Darragh Kelly1; Jeroen Nieboer1; Matthew Osborne1; Jonathan Shaw2

1 Boston College · 2 Institute for Fiscal Studies

open access

Abstract

At‐scale field experiments at major U.K. banks show that automatic enrollment into “just‐in‐time” text alerts reduces unarranged overdraft and unpaid item charges 17% to 19% and arranged overdraft charges 4% to 8%, implying annual market‐wide savings of £170 million to £240 million. Incremental benefits from “early‐warning” alerts are statistically insignificant, although economically significant effects are not ruled out. Prior to the experiments, over half of overdrafts could have been avoided by using lower‐cost liquidity available in savings and credit card accounts. Alerts help consumers achieve less than half of these potential savings.

DOI
10.1111/jofi.13404
Volume
80
Issue
1
Pages
467-514
Language
en
Sources
bibtex:phds-export.bib openalex crossref

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