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The Review of Asset Pricing Studies Vol. 12 No. 4 2022

Short Selling ETFs

Frank Weikai Li1; Qifei Zhu2

1 Lee Kong Chian School of Business Singapore Management University Singapore · 2 Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Abstract

We provide novel evidence that arbitrageurs use exchange-traded funds (ETFs) as an avenue to circumvent short-sale constraints at the stock level. Using a large sample of U.S. equity ETF holdings, we document that shorting activity on ETFs rises with the difficulty of shorting underlying stocks. Stocks heavily shorted via their holding ETFs underperform those that are lightly shorted. The return predictability of ETF shorting is distinct from stock-level shorting measures and is concentrated among stocks that face severe arbitrage constraints. These findings suggest that ETFs allow arbitrageurs to target overpriced stocks that are otherwise difficult to short.

DOI
10.1093/rapstu/raac005
Volume
12
Issue
4
Pages
960-998
Language
en
Sources
bibtex:phds-export.bib openalex crossref

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