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Review of Economic Studies Vol. 92 No. 2 2025

Structural Change, Elite Capitalism, and the Emergence of Labour Emancipation

Quamrul H. Ashraf1; Francesco Cinnirella2; Oded Galor3; Boris Gershman4; Erik Hornung5

1 Williams College · 2 University of Bergamo, Italy; CEPR, and CESifo · 3 Brown University, USA; CEPR, and NBER · 4 American University · 5 University of Cologne, Germany; CAGE, CEPR, CESifo, and ECONtribute

Abstract

This study argues that the decline of coercive labour institutions over the course of industrialization was partly driven by complementarity between physical capital and effective labour in manufacturing. Given the difficulty of extracting labour effort in care-intensive industrial tasks through monitoring and punishment, capital-owning elites ultimately chose to emancipate workers to induce their supply of effective labour and, thus, boost the return to physical capital. This hypothesis is empirically examined in the context of serf emancipation in nineteenth-century Prussia. Exploiting variation in proto-industrialization across Prussian counties, the analysis finds that, consistent with the proposed hypothesis, the initial abundance of elite-owned physical capital is associated with a higher pace of serf emancipation and lower redemption payments to manorial lords.

DOI
10.1093/restud/rdae043
Volume
92
Issue
2
Pages
808-836
Language
en
Sources
bibtex:phds-export.bib openalex crossref

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