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Review of Financial Studies Vol. 23 No. 3 2010

Extreme Governance: An Analysis of Dual-Class Firms in the United States

Paul A. Gompers1; Joy Ishii2; Andrew Metrick3

1 Harvard University · 2 Stanford University · 3 Yale University

Abstract

We construct a comprehensive list of dual-class firms in the United States and use this list to analyze the relationship between insider ownership and firm value. Our data have two useful features. First, since dual-class stock separates cash-flow rights from voting rights, we can separately identify the impact of each. Second, we address endogeneity concerns by using exogenous predictors of dual-class status as instruments. In single-stage regressions, we find strong evidence that firm value is increasing in insiders’ cash-flow rights and decreasing in insider voting rights. In instrumental variable regressions, the point estimates are similar but the significance levels are lower.

DOI
10.1093/rfs/hhp024
Volume
23
Issue
3
Pages
1051-1088
Language
en
Sources
openalex crossref

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