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Banking-Crisis Interventions across Time and Space

Andrew Metrick1; Paul Schmelzing2

1 Yale School of Management and NBER , · 2 Boston College and Hoover Institution , Stanford,

Review of Financial Studies 2026

We present a new database of banking-crisis interventions, covering 1,946 interventions in 20 categories across 143 countries. We demonstrate that crisis-intervention patterns are significantly related to income and fiscal variables and to measures of the political system and currency regime. GDP losses following crises are economically significant and are larger for wealthier countries, with some evidence that these losses are mitigated by democratic political systems and liberal currency regimes. Finally, intervention frequencies reached an apex during the post–Bretton Woods era, continuing a secular increase since at least the late seventeenth century.

DOI
10.1093/rfs/hhaf071
Volume
39 (4)
Pages
1054-1076
Language
en
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BibTeX
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