Sons of Immigrants: Are They at an Earnings Disadvantage?
In 1970, 9.6 million persons in the United States, or 4.6 percent of the population, were foreign born. Another 24 million persons, or 11.5 percent of the population, were of foreign parentage, that is, either one or both parents were foreign born. The earnings and labor market behavior of the foreign stock (foreign born and foreign parentage) have not been the subject of much systematic research despite the rise in public interest in ethnicity and discrimination. This paper, which focuses on the foreign parentage, is drawn from a larger study of the earnings of the foreign stock which is intended to remedy this situation (see Chiswick). This paper examines the effect of foreign parentage on the earnings of native born white men age 25 to 64 who worked in 1969. It is restricted to whites as they comprise 97 percent of the persons of foreign parentage and to men because the problems of estimating labor market experience for women require that they be dealt with separately. In addition, persons born in Puerto Rico or an outlying area of the United States are excluded from the data.
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