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Making Bricks from Straw: Resources and Productivity in Health Care

Edward N. Okeke

RAND School of Public Policy and Department of Economics, Sociology, and Statistics (email: )

American Economic Review 2026 open access

Why do health facilities in developing countries do so poorly? This paper examines the role of financial constraints. I describe an experiment in which we surprised health workers in randomly selected public health clinics in Nigeria with a N600,000 grant paid out in installments over one year. Its administration was left entirely to health workers. I show that the award led to large productivity gains. Using expenditure data combined with novel textual data I provide an explanation for these effects. I show that the award increased investments in physical and human capital, led to lower prices for patients and inspired health workers to do better.

DOI
10.1257/aer.20241459
Volume
116 (4)
Pages
1499-1539
Language
en
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