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Is the Growth of Small Firms Constrained by Internal Finance?

Robert E. Carpenter1; Bruce C. Petersen2

1 University of Maryland, Baltimore County · 2 Bard College

The Review of Economics and Statistics 2002

This paper examines the long-standing theory that the growth of small firms is often constrained by the quantity of internal finance. Under plausible assumptions, when financing constraints are binding, an additional dollar of internal finance should generate slightly more than an additional dollar of growth in assets. This quantitative prediction should not hold for the relatively small number of firms which access external equity. We test these predictions with a panel of more than 1, 600 small firms and find that the growth of most firms is constrained by internal finance. Our results have implications for several different research literatures, including models of firm growth.

DOI
10.1162/003465302317411541
Volume
84 (2)
Pages
298-309
Language
en
Export
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