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Maternal and Infant Health Inequality: New Evidence from Linked Administrative Data

Kate Kennedy-Moulton1; Sarah Miller2; Petra Persson3; Maya Rossin-Slater4; Laura Wherry5; Gloria Aldana6

1 Columbia University [email protected] · 2 University of Michigan Ross School of Business and NBER [email protected] · 3 Stanford University, Research Institute of Industrial Economics, and NBER [email protected] · 4 Stanford University School of Medicine, NBER, IZA [email protected] · 5 New York University Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service and NBER [email protected] · 6 US Census Bureau [email protected]

The Review of Economics and Statistics 2025

Abstract We use linked administrative data on the universe of California births to provide novel evidence on economic inequality in infant and maternal health. Infants and mothers at the top of the income distribution have worse birth and morbidity outcomes than their lowest-income counterparts, but are nevertheless the least likely to die in the year following birth. Racial disparities swamp these income disparities, with no racial convergence in health outcomes as income rises. A comparison with Sweden shows that infant and maternal health is worse in California at virtually all income levels.

DOI
10.1162/rest.a.1633
Pages
1-32
Language
en
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