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Journal of Labor Economics Vol. 43 No. 4 2025

Interaction of the Labor Market and the Health Insurance System: Employer-Sponsored, Individual, and Public Insurance

Naoki Aizawa1; Chao Fu2

1 National Bureau of Economic Research · 2 University of Wisconsin–Madison

Abstract

We develop and estimate an equilibrium model with heterogeneous local markets, households, and firms, highlighting the interrelationship between various components of the health insurance system—employer-sponsored health insurance (ESHI), individual health insurance (HIX), and Medicaid—and their relationship with the labor market. We estimate the model exploiting variation across states and before and after the Affordable Care Act. We consider counterfactual policies that cross subsidize between ESHI and HIX, including pure ESHI-HIX risk pooling as a special case. We find that such policies would increase household welfare and output and decrease government expenditure and would be more effective with Medicaid expansion.

DOI
10.1086/730164
Volume
43
Issue
4
Pages
1207-1249
Language
en
Sources
semanticscholar openalex crossref

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